350 



THE ANATOMY OF VBETEBEATED ANIMALS. 



of the scapula ; and that of the femur obliquely forwards 

 and downwards at right angles with that of the os innoini- 

 natuni; and the long axes of both these bones make a great 

 angle with those of the fore-arm and leg respectively. Each 

 limb thus forms a sort of double C spring, upon the top of 

 which the weight of the body is supported — in the hind 

 limbs by means of the solid connection of the ilia with the 

 sacrum ; in the fore limbs, by the great muscular slings 

 formed by the serratus magnus and the levator anguli scapulce. 



The scapula is long and 

 naiTOw; the low spine has no 

 acromion ; the coracoid process 

 is small, and there is no clavicle. 

 The head of the humerus 

 looks backwards, and the distal 

 articular surface of the bone 

 is completely ginglymoid. The 

 two bones of the antibrachium 

 are ankylosed ; the shaft of 

 the ulna becomes exceedingly 

 slender, and its small distal end 

 is distinguishable only with diffi- 

 culty. The articular surface for 

 the carpal bones is, therefore, 

 almost wholly furnished by the 

 radius. There are seven carpal 

 bones, the trapezium being ob- 

 solete. A line prolonging the 

 axis of the third metacarpal 

 and that of the os magnum does 

 not pass through that of the 

 lunare, but corresponds more 

 nearly with the junction be- 

 tween scaphoides and lunare. 



The poUex and the fifth digit 

 are suppressed, or represented 

 only by minute nodules of bone, and the only complete digit 

 is the third ; the second and the fourth being represented 



Fig. 98.— Front view of the 

 right carpus of a Horse. 

 1. Cuneiforme. 2. Lunare. 

 3. Scaphoides. 4. Pisiforme, 

 ■). Unciforme. 6. Magnum. 

 7. Trapezoides. 



