THE ANTHEOPOMORPHA. 475 



no tail. The tliigli and the leg are, respectively, shorter than 

 the arm and the fore arm. The dorsolumbar vertebrae are 

 seventeen or eighteen in number, and their spines are not 

 inclined towards a common point. They develop no inter- 

 locking mammillary and accessory processes. The sacrum 

 contains more than three ankylosed vertebrse. The thorax 

 is rather broad than laterally compressed, and the sternum 

 is flattened from before backwards, and wide. The axis of 

 the head of the humerus is directed more inwards than 

 backwards, and the upper part of the shaft is not bent as 

 in the Cijnomorpha. The radius is capable of complete 

 pronation and supination. 



The relative proportions of the incisor teeth are the same 

 as in Man ; that is to say, the inner upper incisors and the 

 outer lower incisors are larger than the others. The crowns 

 of the iipper and lower molars have the same patterns as 

 those of Man. 



The caudal muscles are small or absent. When the poUex 

 has a flexor tendon, that tendon is not a slip given off from 

 one common to the flexcn- pollicis and flexor perf or cms, as in 

 the Cynommpha. The plantaris does not pass over a pulley 

 furnished by the calcaneal process, as in the Cynomorpha ; 

 and the flexor brevis has an origin from that process. The 

 peronceus quinii cligiti has not been observed. 



There are three well-marked genera of Anthropomorpha — 

 Hylobates, Pithecus, and Troglodytes; and perhaps a fourth, 

 Gorilla, may be advantageously separated from the last- 

 named. 



Pithecus, the Orang, has the smallest distributional area, 

 being confined to the islands of Borneo and Sumatra ; Sy- 

 lobates, the Gibbons, of which there are several species, is 

 found over a considerable area of Eastern Asia and the 

 islands of the Malay Archipelago. The Chimpanzee and 

 Gorilla are met with only in the intertropical parts of West 

 Africa. 



The Gibbons are those Anthropomorpha which are most 

 nearly allied to the Cynomorpha. They possess ischial cal- 

 losities, and the nails of the poUex and hallux, only, are 



