THE ANTHROPOMOEPHA. 479 



tal, as happens, exceptionally, in Man. The nasal bones are 

 fiat and early ankylosed together, in the Gibbons, Orangs, and 

 Chimpanzees. In the Gorilla the nasal bones are distinctly 

 convex from side to side, and rise above the level of the face. 

 None of these Apes has a spina nasalis anterior ; and, only in 

 the Siamang, is there a rudiment of the mental prominence 

 in the mandible. The premaxillo-maxillary sutm-e persists 

 beyond the completion of the second dentition in all but 

 the Chimpanzee, in which it disappears before that period. 

 The epiotic region is never developed into a distinct 

 mastoid process; and there is an ossified styloid process 

 only occasionally in the Orangs. The palate is long and 

 narrow, the alveolar margins being nearly parallel, or even 

 diverging anteriorly. The zygomatic arches are strong, 

 wide, and curved in two directions. 



The proportion of the length of the basi- cranial axis to 

 that of the cerebral cavity, does not fall lower than the ratio 

 of 10 to 17 in any of the Anthropomorplia. 



The body of the hyoid approaches the form of that of 

 Man most nearly in the Orang. In the other genera it is 

 more excavated posteriorly. 



The scapula of the Orang is most like that of Man, es- 

 pecially in the proportion of the supra- and infra-spinous 

 fossse, in the proportional length of the anterior and the 

 posterior borders, and in the angle made by the spine with 

 the vei"tebral margin. In the other genera the posterior 

 border is longer in proportion than in Man, and the spine 

 of the scapula cuts the vertebral margin more obliquely. 

 After the Orang' s, the scapula of the Gorilla comes nearest 

 to that of Man. 



On the other hand, the long and straight clavicle of the 

 Orang is least like that of Man. 



The head of the hiimerus loses the backward inchnation 

 which it has in the lower Apes, and becomes directed up- 

 wards and inwards, as in Man. The radius and ulna are 

 cui'ved, and leave a wide interosseous space. There are 

 nine bones in the carpus in both Hylohates and Pithecus, 

 but only eight in the Chimpanzee and Gorilla. In Rylo- 



