THE ANTHROPID^. 489 



length. In the skiill, the occipital condyles lie within the 

 middle fifth of the base, and the occipital foramen looks 

 downwards, and either a little forwards or but slightly back- 

 wards. Neither sagittal nor lambdoidal crests are developed, 

 but the mastoid processes are distinct, and generally con- 

 spicuous. The supraorbital ridges are never so largely 

 developed as in some of the Antliropomm'plia. The orbits 

 and the jaws are relatively smaller, and situated less in 

 front of, and more below, the fore-part of the brain-case. A 

 spina nasalis anterior is almost always present ;* and, in the 

 profile view of the face, the nasal bones project more beyond 

 the level of the ascending process of the maxilla than they 

 do in any Ape. The palate is broader and its contour more 

 arched than in any of the Antliropomorplia. Its posterior 

 margin is ordinarily produced in the middle line into a 

 spina nasalis posterior, and the palato-maxillary suture is 

 directed transversely. 



The distance between the zygomata is either less than the 

 greatest transverse diameter of the calvaria, or exceeds it 

 but little. The malar, is deeper than the squamosal, portion 

 of the zygoma, and the upper edge of the zygoma is but 

 little curved. 



The post-glenoidal process of the squamosal is small, 

 while the auditory foramen is vertically elongated, its 

 antex"ior wall being more or less flattened. 



The interorbital space occupies aboiit one-fourth of the 

 intei^val between the outer walls of the orbits. 



The planes of the orbital surfaces of the ethmoid bones 

 [ossa plana) are nearly parallel with one another. 



The symphysis of the lower jaw has a mental promi- 

 nence. The length of the cerebral cavity is more than 

 twice that of the basi-cranial axis. 



After birth, no trace of the premaxillo-maxillary suture 

 remains upon the face, though it may persist in the palate. 



* The only human skull in which I have been able to find no trace 

 of the existence of the anterior nasal spine, is that of an Australian, 

 which, some years ago, I presented to the Museum of the lloyal College 

 of Surgeons. 



