490 THE ANATOMY OF VEETEBRATED ANIMALS. 



Tlie nasal suture usually persists, and the dii'ection of tlie 

 fronto-nasal suture is nearly transverse. 



The cranio-facial angle* does not exceed 120°, and m the 

 higher races of mankind does not go much beyond 90°. 



The supra-orbital plates of the frontal bones project but 

 little into the frontal region of the brain-case, and they are 

 almost horizontal, instead of being strongly inclined up- 

 wards and outwards, as they are in the Anthropomorpha. 

 The cribriform plate is long and wide, and the crista galli is 

 usually prominent. The capacity of the brain-case of a 

 healthy adult is invariably more than forty cubic inches, 

 and may rise to more than a hundred cubic inches. 



The scapula is broad in proportion to its length, and 

 its spine cuts its vertebral edge nearly at right angles. 

 The ilia are veiy broad ; their inner faces present a well- 

 marked concavity, and theu- crests an S-shaped cui-vature. 

 A line drawn from the centre of the articular surface of 

 the sacrum to the centre of the acetabulum makes nearly 

 a right angle with the chord of the arc offered by the 

 anterior face of the sacrum. In all the Anthropomorpha 

 this angle is much more open. 



The tuberosities of the ischia are hardly everted. The 

 symphysis pubis is comparatively short, and the subpubic 

 ai'ch well marked. The width of the whole pelvis, fi-om 

 one iliac crest to the other, is greater than its height, which 

 is the reverse of what obtains in the Apes. The transverse 

 diameter of the brim is usually not exceeded by the antero- 

 posterior diameter, though the contrary proportion occa- 

 sionally obtains. The female pelvis is more spacio^^s, and 

 has a wider subpubic arch than the male. 



The proximal articular surface of the astragalus looks 

 almost directly upwards, and hardly at all inwards, when 

 the sole is flat upon the ground ; and the lateral facets are 

 more nearly at right angles to this surface than in any 

 Ape. The inner and outer malleoli are stronger and 

 more downwardly produced. The calcaneal process is 

 thick, strong, enlarged at its hinder end, and not incurved 

 * See p. 496 for the explanation of tlds term. 



