246 Essays. 
9,000 feet; Lomaria procera, amd its varieties, in all soils and situations, 
from the coast to 4,000 feet ; Niphobolus rupestris ; Botrychium virginicum, 
in open lands, from the Sixt to 1,600 feet; and Tmesipteris forsteri, 
epiphytal, in forests;from 300 to 2,500 feet. 
(2.) Northern plants occupying more than one area or zone, not found in 
the south parts of the island. 
Among these, Drosera binata, a Bay of Islands plant, has been very 
sparingly detected so far south as 39? 30'. Dysoxylum spectabile, not 
uncommon from the Bay of Islands to the Thames, has also been detected 
as far south as the River Mohaka in Hawke Bay; extreme altitude, 1,000 
feet. Metrosideros tomentosa, a littoral plant, from the North Cape to 
Tolaga Bay,* Alseuosmia, sp., whose chief habitat is around the Bay of 
Islands, where, in shady dry woods, it is plentiful; .4. macrophylla was 
found at Te Whau, Manukau Bay, in 1841; and, subsequently, a few plants 
of A. banksii in one spot in the dense forests between the River Manawatu 
and Wairarapa, but none intermediate, ascending to nearly 1,000 feet. 
Geniostoma ligustrifolium, abundant at the Bay of Islands and farther north, 
ascending to 1,200 feet; a straggling plant (having thicker leaves) has 
been seen as far south as the woods at Hawke Bay; the only plant, 
however, noticed south of the East Cape. Vitew littoralis, a tree very 
plentiful at the north, extending quite across the Island, and growing as 
diffusely on the immediate sea coast as on the high lands, ascending to 
1,500 feet, is little known south of the East Cape; one tree, how- 
ever, is said to be on the islet Mokoia in the large lake at Rotorua, 
and one is also at Table Cape (north side), its extreme southern limit. 
Avicennia officinalis, a maritime plant, very plentiful from the North Cape 
to about 373^ south; the mouth of the Waikato River on the west, and 
within Tauranga Harbour on the East Coast being its south limits. Per- 
soonia toro, has not been met with south of Whangarei Bay. Santalum 
eunninghamii, and its varieties, plentiful at the north, has not been noticed 
south of 38^; yet, at the head of the Wairarapa Valley (just at the entrance 
of the long forest), in about 41? south, two trees were most unexpectedly 
found standing together; no more, however, were detected in a journey of 
three or four days through that forest, performed on several occasions. 
Trophis opaca (or Epicarpurus microphyllus) has its south limits at Tolaga Bay, 
or about 39? south. Dammara australis, which grows from the sea side to an 
altitude of 1,500 feet, in nearly all soils and. situations, though its favourite 
soil is a stiff sterile clay, is very plentiful quite aeross the island from the 
North Cape to the Thames, but has its limits on the East Coast at 371? south 
* See footnote, p. 242. 
