278 Essays. 
28. It is reasonably believed that there are yet several indigenous 
plants and vegetable substances which may prove to be valuable both for 
use and export, some of which are all but quite unknown to arts and 
manufactures: a few of them will be here mentioned :— 
1.) Or TrmpErs :—(a. Known hard woods.) The mairetawhake (Eugenia 
maire); the rohutu (Myrtus pedunculata), especially the larger southern 
iree ; the maire (Santalum cunninghamii), a small tree with dark bark, of the 
sandalwood genus, scarcely averaging 30 feet in height, only known as grow- 
ing in the dry forests northward of 36? S.; the manoao (Daerydium colensoi), 
a small hard-wooded pine, incorruptible, according to the natives, found 
sparingly in high and dry forests on the East Coast, north of Whangarei, 
and also in the mountainous country near Taupo; and the long-leaved 
Myrsine (M. salicina), being the next species to the well-known and valued 
beech-like tipau or mapau (M. australis), and also a much larger tree. 
(b. Trees supposed to be hard-wooded.) The tawari (Ixerba brewxioides), 
the toro (Persoonia toro), the kohuhu, and the tarata (Pittosporum tenui- 
folium and P. eugenioides), and the porokaiwhiri (Hedycarya | dentata) ; 
besides which there are the white-wooded horoeka (Aralia crassifolia), the 
kaikomako (Pennantia corymbosa), the large species of Plagianthus (P. 
betulinus), and the Epicarpurus microphyllus (or Trophis opaca); all these, 
from their known affinities, are well worthy of a trial. 
(2.) Or Barks: a. for dyeing; the hinau and the pokaka (AZleocarpus 
dentatus and E. hookerianus), for dyeing black; and the makomako 
(Aristotelia racemosa) for a blue-black.—b. Jor tanning ; the toatoa, or 
tanekaha (Phyllocladus trichomanoides), the makamaka (Ackama rosefolia), 
so closely allied to the towai; and the maanawa, or white mangrove 
(Avicennia tomentosa), the bark of which is said to be extensively used for 
tanning at Rio Janeiro. 
(3.) Sunprres : The living bark, branches, stumps and roots, and even 
leaves, of the kauri pine would yield a large amount of kauri resin under 
proper management. The fibrous leaves of the keikei (Freycinetia banksii) 
are an excellent article for men’s hats, far better than the largely imported 
common cabbage-tree hat, and but little inferior to a coarse Leghorn or 
Manilla one, as the writer knows from experience. A serviceable oil* could 
be largely extracted from the seeds of the titoki (Alectryon excelsum); and 
from the aromatic leaves and bark of the pukatea (Atherosperma nove- 
zealandiæ) a valuable essential oil might also be extracted, seeing that from 
a closely allied Tasmanian plant (4. moschata) an essential oil, called 
“sassafras oil" has been obtained; and Dr. F. Mueller has recently 
LU" In 1849 the writer sent two bottles of this oil to the Kew Museum of Economic 
