CnawronD.— Geology of the North Island of New Zealand. 3815 
* The limestone attains its greatest thickness (from 400 to 500 feet) in 
the Upper Waipa and Mokau District, between the Rangitoto range and 
the west coast. 
“The third and uppermost stratum of the older tertiary strata consists 
of beds of fine fossiliferous sandstone, in which quarries of good building 
stone may be found. There are whole ranges parallel to the primary moun- 
tains which seem to consist of this:sandstone. I will mention only the 
Tapuiwahine range, about 2,000 feet above the level of the sea, in which is 
the pass from Mokau to the Whanganui country. | 
“ The horizontal beds of limestone and marl, which form the cliffs of the 
Waitemata, and extend in a northerly direction towards Kawau, belong to a 
newer tertiary formation, and, instead of coal, have only thin layérs of 
lignite. A characteristic feature of this Auckland tertiary formation is the 
existence of beds of voleanie ashes, which are here and there interstratified 
with the ordinary tertiary layers. 
“Sandstone and brown coal have been found in places to the north of 
Auckland, in the districts from Cape Rodney to the North Cape.” 
I have now, with Hochstetter’s assistance, taken a glance at the tertiary 
rocks which occupy so much of the surface of the island, but as yet little 
has been said of the brown coal which is found in large quantities, and 
which, for inland navigation and other economical purposes, promises to 
prove of great value. 
A description of the brown coals of the Auckland Province, with several 
analyses, will be found in Hochstetter's work.* 
` Besides the localities in the Waikato Valley in which the brown PA is 
found, it has also been discovered in the direction of the Bay of Islands. In 
the Wellington Province these coal measures are found eropping out in the 
upper part of the Whanganui River, and some of its tributaries, particularly 
in the T which takes its rise towards the head waters of the 
Waitara. 
As the Tangarakau seams are found in or near the boundary of Taranaki, 
it is probable that that province also may contain much brown coal. 
To the eastward of the main range, a seam about 9 inches thick has been 
observed in the Hawke Bay Province, and it is not unlikely that good seams 
of brown coal may yet be discovered on that side of the island. 
We may perhaps now consider the genres under which these 
tertiaries have been deposited. 
We find a flooring of palwozoic rocks generally, perhaps invariably, 
inclined at high angles, and on this flooring we find the brown eoal, with 
Fischer's Translation, commencing at page 18. 
