396 Essays. 
that the New Zealanders, like most other uncivilized people, most pertina- 
ciously adhere to the plans, patterns, and sort of things made by their 
ancestors :—(a) all the various kinds of New Zealand canoes are very 
differently made; (b) they have no outrigger; (c) the New Zealanders 
never used the kawa root, notwithstanding a very closely allied species of 
Piper grows throughout New Zealand; (d) nor the bow and arrows; (e) 
the New Zealanders invariably carry their burthens on their backs, the 
Sandwich Islanders on a balance pole over the shoulders; (f) the New 
Zealander has no words for swearing, oath, or vow; (g) the New Zealander 
never practised circumcision;* (+) nor had any temples for religious 
worship; (7) nor idols; (7) nor king; (4) they knew not the names of the 
numerous chief gods of the Sandwich Islands ; (7) their old customs respect- 
ing their chiefs, &c., do not agree; (m) their tattooing is different; (n) 
they had no "refuge cities" (a most remarkable eustom, only found at the 
Sandwich Islands): and (3) from there being no vestige of any of their 
several emigrations from Hawaiki, and of the wars, &c., which occasioned such 
(as related by the New Zealander), to be found in the ancient history of the 
people of the Sandwich Islands, whose traditions are much more ancient and 
clear than those of the New Zealanders. 
(ii) Others have supposed the largest island of the Samoan, or Navi- 
gator, group, called by the same name, Sawaii (the sibilant being used for 
the aspirate—Sawaii, Hawaii, Hawaiki), to be the Hawaiki of the New 
Zealanders. This opinion has been warmly supported by several later 
writers,t but, with the sole exception of the Samoan group being only half 
the distance from New Zealand that the Sandwich Islands are, certainly 
with much less reason than the former. For, in addition to the objections 
adduced against the Sandwich Islands being the New Zealand home, or 
Hawaiki, here, at the Samoan group, they never tattoo their heads and 
upper part of their bodies, but only from the waist downwards, and that in 
a wholly different style; the women also are never tattooed; the men, in- 
cluding chiefs of the highest rank, do all the cooking ;|| their dialect, on the 
whole, has much less affinity with that of New Zealand; their traditions 
about the creation of the earth, &c., are widely different ; and the kumara, 
or sweet potato (common at the Sandwich Isles), they have not among 
em. 
* Vide Cook's Voyages, 4to ed., vol. iii. p. 50. 
+ Erskine's “Journal of a Cruise in the Western Pacific,” p. 103, ed. 1853: 
It may be noticed, by the way, that Dr. Thomson, in his elaborate rendere 
* Story of New Zealand," London, 1859, speaks of this view as being peculiarly his own. 
— , || Turner says, M o acti dein on the men ; and all “even chiats of tips 
oe — = no disgrace to assist in the cooking-house.”—Nineteen Years in 
