408 Essays. 
rally; while the foreign dog was also the cause of the entire loss of 
their own peculiar little dog, to them a most useful animal; and the pig 
caused them an enormous amount of extra work in everywhere fencing 
their many eultivations, as well as became the cause of much dissension, 
strife, and fighting. It is highly instructive to trace and to see the great 
and important changes, affecting even the destiny of peoples and nations, 
whieh are sometimes brought about by apparently unimportant and trivial 
cireumstances. : 
1. Foreign or External. i 
55. From their discovery by Cook in 1769, to the visit of Governor King 
in 1794.—This first quarter of the past century seems to be a very proper 
division, beginning and ending with their two greatest known foreign bene- 
faetors during that period. Cook found the New Zealanders numerous, 
healthy, strong, industrious, abounding in children, contented, and happy. 
As is well known, he visited New Zealand five times during the years 1769- 
1777, on two of which visits he was also accompanied by Captain Furneaux. 
From Cook the New Zealanders received many valuable things, more espe- 
cially the pig and potato, which have proved an incalculable blessing to 
the people. Unfortunately, Cook was obliged to show them his superiority, 
by using his firearms no less than twelve times during his first visit, and to 
shed blood on each occasion, through which several natives lost their lives. 
` That more serious collisions did not take place was, without doubt, owing 
both to his able manner of dealing with them, and to his having with him 
the Tahitian islander Tupaea, whose services as interpreter must have been 
invaluable ; and yet not always appreciated by the New Zealanders, as the 
lamentable affray at Cape Kidnappers, when they kidnapped and carried off 
his son Taieto, fully shows. It is remarkable that while Cook was on the 
eoast, during his first visit in 1769, the French navigator D'Urville also 
visited New Zealand, and spent some time at anchor at Doubtless Bay, near 
the North Cape, during which he surveyed it, naming it Lauriston Bay.* 
Unfortunately, D'Urville, after receiving great kindness from the natives, 
eame also into collision with them, burnt down their village, and carried off 
their principal chief, Kinui, prisoner. This chief died of a broken heart on 
board of D'Urville's ship three months after, when off the island of Juan 
Fernandez. In 1771, only a few weeks after Cook's return to England, the 
celebrated Dr. Franklin projected a scheme for the civilization of the New 
Zealanders. His proposals were printed and cireulated ; but, owing to the 
sad massacre of M. Marion and his crew, which took place early in the 
following year, or some other cause, they were never earried out. In 1772, 
.. * Published by the Hydrographic Office, London. 
