Hecror.—On Cnemiornis. 79 
aperture being directed outwards, forwards, and upwards, rounded in front 
and angled behind, and they are separated by a smooth bony interspace (f) 
which is one-fourth the width of the mandible. The tip is rounded, with a 
tumid area for the attachment of the horny mandible, the length of which is 
equal to the width. Interiorly the palatal plate is flat, with deeply-incurved 
borders, notched on each side of the tip, and deeply excavated by a longitudinal 
groove (h), which is perforated by two well-defined apertures, the one (/) 
large and directed upwards, the other (Л) small, directed backward in a line 
with the groove. The palatines are firmly united with the vomer, the upper 
surface of which has a slight groove to receive the pre-sphenoid. 
The lower mandible is stout, but broad and compressed in every part, the 
rami preserving a lamellate structure throughout, and being united by a broad 
symphysis (sy), the length of which is equal to one-fourth of the mandible, the 
anterior half being flat and the. posterior excavated.  Inferiorly the punctate 
surface of attachment of the horny mandible covers the whole of the symphysial 
portion. 
PrLvis. . Pl XIV. 
This bone agrees with Professor Owen's description* so far as his imperfect 
specimen enabled him to fix its characters, but the complete preservation of 
the bone obtained from the Earnscleugh cave enables me to add the 
following :— 
The neck of the ischium (a) is compressed to form the inferior notch, which 
is 9 lines in diameter, and contracted posteriorly (at b) to 5 lines. The 
ischium then expands to 8 lines, with a concave external surface, its upper 
margin being united with the ilium for the last two inches (cd), forming a 
rhomboidal convex plate with a thin posterior margin that descends 
obliquely backwards ; the inferior margin is produced (е), and has been united 
by cartilage to the pubic styles for about 9 lines. The latter are attached by 
a stout compressed process to the inferior fifth of the acetabulum, and thence 
produced backwards as a narrow, curved bone, flat externally, and with a 
strong ridge internally, 3 lines wide at its narrowest part, and posteriorly 
expanding into a flat curved process that descends at an obtuse angle and 
continues the edge of the posterior pelvic aperture (f). The coccygeal bones 
are wanting. Тһе first sacral vertebra is anchylosed to the sacrum опу by 
its spinous process. 
The posterior roof of the pelvis is pierced by eight foramina in almost 
parallel lines an inch apart, separated by a concave interspace anteriorly and 
a convex ridge posteriorly ; the rhomboidal form of the area being produced by 
a blunt expansion of the border which, on either side, overhangs the anti- 
trochanteric process. 
«1с. p. 397. 
