CAMBRIDGE.—On the Spiders of New Zealand. 187 
Авт. XXXVI.—An Introduction to the Study and Collection of the 
Araneidea in New Zealand. With a Description and Figures of 
Cambridgea fasciata, L. Koch, from Chatham Island; and also of a 
New Species of Macrothele, Auss., M. huttonii, Cambr., found at 
Wellington, New Zealand. By the Rev. O. P. CAMBRIDGE, M.A., С.М.2.8, 
Plate VI. 
[Read before the Wellington Philosophical Society, 22nd September, 1873.] 
I.—SYSTEMATIC POSITION AND GENERAL STRUCTURE. 
THe Araneidea, or (as distinguished from other Arachnids) true spiders, are 
often popularly included under the general term of Insects ; it will, therefore, 
not perhaps be amiss to begin with a diagram showing their position, both in 
relation to their nearer congeners as well as to the greater groups of the 
animal world. — 
ANIMAL Kryepom. 
Branch: i. Radiata, ii Mollusca | iii. TICU ae i Vertebrata. 
cs ds *Aphantopla = i. +Cond 
-class : i. Insec ч. ii Myriapoda, iii. ARACHNIDA E iv. Crastaces: 
Order : i. Maiden: li. Phan, ш. Бор еа," iv. Scorpionidea | v. Thelyphonidea 
Vi ABANEIDER OEE 
Of the whole „е Arachnida, it will be sufficient to state here that its 
leading characters are, Вору divided into two principal parts-—cEPHALO- 
THORAX and ABDOMEN ; ORGANS OF LOCOMOTION, EIGHT ; EYES, when present, 
TWO £o TWELVE, and simple ; in some few cases absent altogether ; RESPIRATION 
by means of TRACHEE 0r PULMOBRANCHLE, or a combination of the two. 
Order ARANEIDEA. 
This order of the Arachnida is characterized—first, by an undivided 
cephalo-thorax, which yet shows, by its various converging grooves and 
furrows, more or less distinctly, the cephalic and thoracic segments (separate 
in the Znsecta), of which it is the soldered-up result (Pl. VI, figs. 3, 4, and 16). 
The abdomen is united to the cephalo-thorax by a narrow pedicle, and 
terminates with organs for spinning ; it is covered with a continuous epidermis, 
neither (as far as known) annulate, nor segmentate, nor folded, except in two 
remarkable species—Liphistius desultor, Schiódte, and (but partially only) in 
Т, ma medioculata, Cambr. Respiration is tracheal as well as pulmo- 
branchial ; the respiratory organs are placed underneath the fore extremity of 
the abdomen ; their position is generally indicated by round or oval scale-like 
plates, and at the fore edge of each is an almost imperceptible slit or orifice, 
through which air is admitted to the breathing apparatus (f. 2m, and 15m). 
* Comprising the Annelides. 
+ Corresponding to the Jnsecta, Linn., or Condylopoda, Latr, 
