290 Transactions.— Geology. 
Appendix. 
EXTRACT FROM THE REV. O. FISHER’s PAPER “On THE ELEVATION OF MOUNTAINS 
BY LATERAL PRESSURE." (Trans. Cambridge Philosophical Society, XI., 1869.) 
Let us call £ the thickness of the crust, which has been thrown into 
corrugations by the contraction of the subjacent stratum ; and, for the sake of 
illustration, let us suppose one chain of mountains to be formed across every 
hundred miles of a great circle. 
Let A BD c, fig. 1, be a vertical section of such a portion of the crust 
before the contraction of the stratum below it. 
АВ= 101 mile. Ас=& EB-] mile. 
Then, owing to the contraction of the stratum below, A B D С will assume some 
such form as AM BD O, fig. 2, or fig. 3, where A p = 100 miles, and it is clear 
that the section of the elevated mass м being due to the shortening of the 
base of the rectangle A D by one mile (if we neglect compression), must be equal 
to the rectangle E D, ¿.e., to £ square miles. 
If then, as supposed, the crust be 25 miles thick, and, for simplicity's sake, 
we take an isosceles triangle for the profile of the upraised mountain mass, we 
shall get an isosceles triangle of 25 square miles on a base of 100 miles, which 
would give a range of mountains half a mile high. If only 50 miles out of 
the 100 were disturbed, as in fig. 3, the range would be a mile high, and so on. 
Such ratios would be rather greater than occur in nature, even allowing for 
subsequent denudation, so that the theory seems to be at any rate not deficient 
in its capability for producing the results attributed to it. 
Авт. XLVIIL— Port Nicholson an Ancient Fresh-water Lake, 
By J. C. Crawrorp, F.G.S. 
[Read before the W. ellington Philosophical Society, 18th August, 1873.] 
A REMARK and a question by Dr. Hector have led to the subject of the 
following observations. The remark was that the pe 
Miramar Peninsula was difficult to account for under present conditions, and 
gave him the idea that it was formerly the summit of a mountain. The 
question was, whether I had observed 
culiar denudation of the 
any signs of marine remains in this 
