W. Travers.—On Extinct Glaciers in the South Island. 307 
of Mount Franklin and of tbe lower mountains between it and the Pyramid. 
About four miles below the former mountain it is joined by the waters of the 
Ada, a large stream, the sources of which are in Mount Una. The main 
valley lies nearly due north and south, and that of the Ada, which enters it 
about three miles above the great moraine already referred to, about north- 
west and south-east. The glacier which descended from the Pyramid and 
Mount Franklin being joined by an immense branch from Mount Una, passed 
down the main valley to a point below that of the Henry, damming back the 
waters flowing through the latter, so as to reverse the drainage and cause them 
to flow over a low col into the river Boyle, which joins the Dillon many miles 
below the great moraine. In the range of mountains which forms the eastern 
side of the main valley, and about five miles above the moraine, is a low col 
or saddle leading into the valley of the Stanley, which, after flowing for 
several miles on the eastern side of the dividing range, falls into the Dillon 
below the moraine. Before the glacier had filled the main valley the drainage 
of the mountains to the eastward of this col was carried into tlie Stanley 
River, but, as the col must have been considerably lower than the upper 
surface of the glacier, a branch of the latter passed over it, filling the valley 
below it (which lies about north-west and south-east) as far as the valley of 
the Stanley, in front of which it deposited an enormous load of moraine 
matter. This col is about three quarters of a mile across, and, no doubt; 
before it had been invaded by the ice, presented the ordinary features of a 
mountain saddle, namely, a smooth, rounded summit, with steep pitches into 
the valleys on either side. But the ice in its passage across it planed it down 
on the lower side to an even, uniform, and gentle slope for a distance of about 
half а mile, from which point it plunged abruptly into the valley below, not 
only scooping out all the material which had previously lain in its bed, but 
also, in all probability, deepening it somewhat, as a basin. Passing on then to 
the main valley of the Stanley, it deposited at its edge, and completely across 
the lateral valley, a huge mass of moraine matter, which extends back into the 
latter for about three-quarters of a mile. : 
The space between the col and the inner line of the moraine is now 
occupied by Lake Guyon, a sheet of water about a mile and a quarter in length 
and half a mile broad, and (by actual measurement) 60 feet deep in its deepest 
part, gradually shoaling, however, towards both ends. As the upper surface 
of the moraine is fully 100 feet higher than the highest part of the col, the 
drainage has been reversed, the waters of the lake flowing into the Dillon 
along a channel worn through the col The scooping effect of the glacier is 
very evident in this case, for even the surface of the lake lies at least 60 feet 
below the general slope of the valley of the Stanley, which, in many places 
close to the great moraine, flows through and over solid rock. ` 
