Tuomson.— Whence of the Maori. xliii 
As we have a more extended grammar than the above of the Tongan 
(or Tonguese), with which the Maori may be considered to be intimately 
connected, both being dialects of the same Polynesian language that extends 
from the Samoa group, or Navigator Islands, over the Society, Marquesas, 
and Sandwich groups, a few comparisons with it will not be inappropriate, 
seeing that there are some constructive and glossarial differences. 
we M Ва abe consists of seventeen letters, five of which are vowels and — of 
ants, .. la › b 0, Uy а 3J Ф, * s bs m, 1, $, š, v res 
Duplication. of puris es pla i alay and Maori, under very similar conditions, 
thus: toji, to peck, Shen Qoubied (tojitoji) means to peck repeatedly ; noko, the 
when doubled (nokonoko hi f th s of w er 
examples. - In other cases no new idea is suggested in connection with the primitive 
term, as in the pois Stainples ; butits meaning is eon emphatic or becomes intensified. 
Thus the мий W vain or vanity, when doubled means the same thing in a strong or 
superlative sense, ere are, however, exceptions to d» above rule which need not be 
entered into her 
There are ең classes of articles : (1st) those which precede common nouns—foe, a. 
he, and the indefinite article 4a ; (2nd) those which are only used before proper we 
viz. j dm o and a. 
uline and feminine genders are formed by the words tangata (male) and 
дуне, (male) following the noun, of which there are parallel examples in Malay and 
Jed e plural signs are gaahi, kau, tunga, faga, otu, and fuifui. The uses of these are 
various. Our space will allow of only one or two examples by way of comparison. 
Tongan. alay. 
aue—work. =: ; За Gel nip 
Kaugaue—fellow workmen. un-kreja, or 
д Pos bor kroja fellow workmen. 
Mate—death. Mati—death. 
Kaumate—dead people. Kamatian—a. corpse. 
In the declension of nouns there are no inflections, which is also the case in Malay. 
Adjectives follow the noun in Tongan, with few exceptions, which also holds good 
Malay. 
in 
Tongan. Jis 
The personal рема uns form a class of Тһе personal pro have great 
words in the Tongan and the Polynesian Meg ми и Bl. uses gibus of mean- 
dialects generally Eu numerous than in ing, th 
most other languages, and they are always FIRST PERSON—J. 
sed with peculiar precision. е ху, h те oer 
also the power of indicating, by differen u a . 
prefixial cem erminal particles or rum Mu (used in literature principally. 
the inclusive and exclusive a he Beta p 
dual and plural eme of the first Pawa КИТЕ indifferently. 
nl Go 
yam the above оза the — =a of Peu used vulgarly. 
ык рро arem келйн of which Hamba tuan | used by inferiors in 
ample is given palo Patek to superiors 
гане ER ion SECOND PERSON— 
Nom. Ko au—l, o Angkau | used in literature 
vu гем маш, ошу) Kaw principally. Ñ 
Lu—used by superiors in speaking to 
GEN. Orta -f or belonging to me. 2 inferiors. 
ne 
Mie do me. ; Che >} used between equals. 
Ma Аша 
Dar. T au—to me. It is “considered to be rude to use the 
au. pronoun when speaking to masters, fathers, 
Tete au—in me, grandfathers, mothers, or grandmothers, 
a thus tuan, pa, to or dato, ma or ma nenek 
