lvi A ppendia. 
Now, comparing several sentences in each language, we find that in 
Malagasi the vowels are to the consonants as 100: 92, against 100 : 122 in 
Malay. Thus, às the consonantal languages of Asia are departed from, the 
speech becomes more soft and vocalic—a principle which we have seen has 
had more extended effect in the spread of the cognate tongues easterly, 
° ùe., over Polynesia. 
Reverting, then, to the glossarial branch of the subject, in order to fairly 
weigh the respective affinities of the different races under review, as read by 
language, I must recall your attention to the fact stated in my former paper as 
to the relative number of primary words retained by ап European language 
after eight hundred years of disconnection ; these amount to only about 
one twenty-sixth of the whole. Mr. John Crawford, by his investigations, 
has declared that one fifty-seventh of the Malagasi and one-fiftieth of the 
Maori dictionaries were Malay, thus proving a connection whose intimacy 
on European experience сап be approximately calculated. But I may venture 
to remark, from my own enquiries on the same subject, that had the above 
ethnographer or myself had the advantage of a critical knowledge of both or 
all languages, instead of only one (the Malay), double the equivalents might 
be found, and the approaches thus drawn nearer by half. Thus, Crawford 
states that out of 8,000 Malagasi words he detected only 140 Malayan ; while 
I, out of Griffiths’ grammar, containing certainly not more than 500 words, 
detected eighty, in words that have had preservation throughout the whole 
region. The effects of peculiar articulation are shown in the following 
examples :— 
English. Malagasi, Malay, Tongan. Maori. 
Fruit voa bua pua hua. 
air volo bulu Sulu huru. 
and so forth. 
Then, as to idiomatic comparison, it will be seen that Malay, Maori, and 
Tongan are virtually the same, the divergences in structure being slight. In 
the declension of nouns, or the conjugations of verbs, there are virtually no 
inflections. The duplication of words, to weaken or intensify their meanings, 
are common to the three dialects or languages, and the curious elaboration of 
the pronouns has more or less existence. The relative position of adverbs, 
verbs, nouns, and pronouns, in the construction of their se 
one plan. The parallel is remarkably carried through to Madagascar, excepting 
in the formation of moods and tenses of verbs, where inflection takes place ; 
and in this respect the Malagasi imitates the Tamil of South India, though 
their glossaries have no relation to each other. Inthis latter language, as with 
Malagasi, the tenses are formed by the aid of certain particles called * words 
Standing in the middle," which are inserted between the root and the 
pronomiual affixes, subject to various changes required by their rules of 
ntences, also follows 
