Newman.—Speculations on Physiological Changes. . 48 
used to say that the difference between one man's mind and another 
depended solely on the amount of coffee drunk by each. 
Young New Zealand. 
Though intensely interesting are all questions connected with the immi- 
grants; of equal, if not greater interest are those concerning their 
offspring; that “ every goose thinks its gosling a swan” has passed into a 
proverb, and old colonists here and in Australia do look with very partial 
eyes on their offspring. They magnify the good qualities, and are blind to 
the defects of their succeeding generation. Indeed, many of them loudly 
assert that young New Zealand is superior physically and mentally to the 
parent stock. Inthe Yankees we see the effects produced by a transplanta- 
tion of our race, and in Victoria and New South Wales already the type is 
rapidly changing. The epithet ** cornstalk’’ graphically depicts one change. 
In New South Wales and Victoria the colonial born grow tall and thin, 
wanting the breadth and robustness of the parent race, in these respects 
resembling the *slab-sided Yankee.” In young New Zealand the same 
changes obtain: they are spare, wanting in solidity and less of bulk. Other 
points are noteworthy. The noses and features are more regular. The 
great variety of noses and the irregular features and amorphous faces so 
common in an English crowd would be absent in a crowd of colonial born. 
Uniformity is here the rule. 
The doctrine of evolution teaches us that types are not persistent as was 
formerly thought. That on the contrary, the rule is not persistence but 
change. The anthropomorphous apes are prognathous, powerful in 
crushing with their massive teeth. Savages are less prognathous; their 
jaws are smaller, their crania larger. Civilized men are less prognathous ; 
their jaws smaller, with dwarfed teeth, and the crania bigger, the forehead 
looms large above the shrinking features. In the Yankees a still further 
change is going on. The children’s jaws are smaller than those of the 
English, and the teeth appearing in these small jaws want room, jostle, and 
displace each other. Often, too, the dentes sapientie are cut late, or not at 
all. These smaller jaws, with greater width between the rami of the 
inferior maxilla, give rise to the “ lantern ” jaws, and,combined with a large 
forehead, show a further change. In young New Zealand the same changes 
are apparently to be found. The symphyses menti are pointed, the alveolar 
edge of the maxille too small; overcrowding and irregularity of the teeth 
result. It is probable, too, that the highly carnivorous diet of these persons 
will increase certain of these changes. 
The bright tints of English complexions are in the complexions of young 
New Zealand, replaced by faded colours, duller hues. It is a curious fact 
that very few dark complexioned children are born in New Zealand, for, 
however dark may be the parents—however raven their locks, or black their 
