190 : Transactions.—Miscellaneous. 
already quoted :—** At first sight it may seem a somewhat bold and fanciful 
idea to expect Forest Officers from India to profit by studying forestry in 
Europe under a climate totally different, and in forests composed of other 
kinds of trees; but actual experience has shown that the professional know- 
ledge acquired in European forests is of great practical use in India. There 
is hardly a question or difficulty of importance which arises in connection 
with forest administration in India, whether in regard to forest rights, or 
the working or regeneration and improvement of the forests, which has not 
been dealt with over and over again by foresters in Europe.” When a 
forest is about to be taken in hand and worked systematically, a surveyor 
and aluator from the forest staff are despatched to the spot—the former 
working under the directions of the latter, who places himself in communi- 
` cation with the local Forest Officer (if there be one), the local officials, and 
inhabitants interested, and obtains from them all the information in his 
power. The surveyor first surveys the whole district or tract, then the 
several blocks or sub-divisions as pointed out by the valuator, who defines 
them according to the description and age of the timber then standing, the 
situation, nature of soil, climate, and any other conditions affecting the 
rate of growth and nature of the crops which it may be advisable to grow 
in future years. Whilst the surveyor is engaged in demarcating and sur- 
veying these blocks, the valuator is employed in making valuations of the 
standing crop, calculating the annual rate of growth, inquiring into and 
forming a register of rights and servitudes with a view to their commuta- 
tion, considering the best plan of working the forest for the future, the roads 
which it will be necessary to construct for the transport of timber—in fact 
all the conditions of the forest which will enable him to prepare a detailed 
plan for the future management, and the subordinate plans and instructions 
for a term of years, to be handed over to the Executive Officer as his 
* standing orders." 
A complete code of rules for the guidance of the valuator has been 
drawn up and printed, in which every possible contingency or diffieulty is 
taken into consideration and provided for. Having completed their inves- 
tigations on the spot, the valuator and surveyor return to head-quarters 
and proceed to prepare the working plans, maps, etc., from their notes and 
measurements. These are submitted to the Board or Committee of control- 
ling officers, who examine the plan or scheme in all its details, and if the 
calculations on which it is based be found accurate, and there are no valid 
objeetions on the part of communities or individuals, pass it, on which it is 
made out in triplieate, one being sent to the executive officer for his 
guidance, another retained by the controlling officer of the division, and the 
original at the head-quarters office for reference. The executive officer has 
