Warrrs.—Savage and Barbarie ** Survivals ” in Marriage. 251 
quences, its inevitable effects, in the present. Our customs, opinions, and 
laws relative to marriage are found, when examined, to be the very things 
of the past, more or less modified or improved. Like pebbles, originally 
rough and angular, many of them have become rounded and smoothed in the 
stream of ages which has rolled them down to us. But there are still, here 
and there, some pebbles which retain much of their original roughness and 
angularity. There are some customs, opinions, and laws which have 
floated like drift-wood from the remote past, and which may now be picked 
up by us on the shores of the nineteenth century. Thongh women are no 
longer eaptured and purchased to be made slaves and wives of, there are 
still some curious relies and vestiges of this which have found their way into 
our advanced civilization. In connection with marriage, and the position of 
women in the marriage relation, there are some survivals from the savagery 
and barbarism of old. These survivals may be arranged into two classes : 
the first, comprehending certain eustoms and eeremonies ; and the second, 
comprehending certain opinions, or beliefs, and laws, still associated with 
marriage amongst ourselves. 
I.—CrenEMONIAL SURVIVALS. 
1. Our savage ancestors obtained their slave-wives by capturing them 
in war. As civilization advanced, wiving came to be done in a more peace- 
able and mercantile way. But even after this better way was generally 
adopted, capture continued, notas a reality, but as a symbol. It still survives 
as a symbol among almost all peoples, but in many cases the symbol has 
dwindled into a ceremony nearly meaningless. Among the ancient Greeks 
and Romans the bridegroom carrying away the bride by seeming force 
was an indispensable part of their marriage ceremonial. Our learned 
Bibliopole, in his “Old Identities," told us lately that this style of 
wooing still exists among our Maori neighbours. Sir John Lubbock, 
in his ‘Origin of Civilization," gives us numerous examples of this 
survival, taken from every variety of the human race. Among many 
others, he mentions the following marriage ceremony, as customary, among 
the Welsh, last century : 
« On the morning of the wedding-day, the bridegroom, accompanied by 
his friends on horseback, demands the bride. Her friends, who are likewise 
on horseback, give a positive refusal; on which, a mock scufile ensues ; 
the bride, mounted behind her nearest kinsman, is carried off, and is 
pursued by the bridegroom and his friends, with loud shouts. It is not 
uncommon on such an occasion to see 200 or 800 sturdy Welsh riding at full 
speed, crossing and jostling, to the no small amusement of the spectators. 
When they have fatigued themselves and their horses, the bridegroom is 
