ManrEN.—On Anemometry. 299 
gives a much higher force even than this apparent maximum, viz., 58 
pounds and 120 miles. 
18. It will be necessary to bear in mind these records of wind-force for 
the purpose of the comparison now about to be made; but as they are 
obviously deduced from no distinct formule, it is needless to analyze the 
mode of their construction or the theories on which they are based. 
19. Let us see now how these estimates of wind-force agree with others 
made during various severe storms. During the Madras cyclone of 2nd 
May, 1872, the maximum velocity recorded at the Madras Observatory 
was 53 miles per hour (14 pounds on the square foot). It happened that 
Captain Donkin, of the ship ** Inverness," who was in this cyclone, was 
caught, six months later, in the English Channel, in the sudden and violent 
storm of 22nd November. On learning this, the Director of the Meteoro- 
logical Office wrote to Captain Donkin, asking him whether the force of the 
Channel gale had been at all equal to that felt during the Madras cyclone. 
Captain Donkin replied :—'* It is my opinion that for two hours only, at 
Madras, did it blow harder." In each case the force of the wind was 
recorded as 12 in the ship’s log; and the velocity of the Channel gale at the 
nearest observatory to the ship’s position—Falmouth, was 57 miles per 
hour (16 pounds), or much about the same as at Madras; but, as 70 
miles an hour often had been recorded at Falmouth, it was plain that a 
serious discrepancy existed somewhere. As already mentioned, 36 pounds 
once was deemed the maximum pressure attainable; and anemometers 
frequently succumb at even less pressure, as in the great storm of 15th 
October, 1868, in Southland, when my anemometer yielded to a force of 
95 pounds. It began to be found that a 40-pounds pressure often was re- 
corded in hard gales, as at Glasgow, on 24th January, 1868, when 42 pounds 
was indicated. At the Liverpool and Holyhead observatories pressures of 
50 to 60 pounds gradually began to be accepted, and then 70 or even 80 
pounds; while at the Bidston observatory, on 9th March, 1871, a pressure 
of 90 pounds was recorded. In Mr. Blandford's paper on the climate of 
Bengal, published in the “ Proceedings of the Asiatic Society," it is stated 
that the highest pressure ever registered in Calcutta was 50 pounds ; but 
that was in a storm of no remarkable violence, and one which did but little 
injury. In the far more severe storms of 2nd November, 1867 and 5th. 
October, 1864, the anemometer was blown way at 36 pounds. The greatest 
force I ever recorded was in Southland, on 28rd December, 1871, when, in 
one gust, the Negretti anemometer registered a velocity of 160 feet per 
second ; equal to 109 miles per hour, or nearly 60 pounds on the square 
foot, and in another gust, 107 miles, or 57 pounds. 
20. All these records, however, are completely eclipsed by the results 
