40 KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY. 
the joints. I know of no similar arrangement in any other verte- 
brate animal, and will, for convenience, call the articulations 
exapophyses. The anterior zygapophyses project distinctly beyond 
the plane of the cup and are widely separated from each other. 
From the tip of the processes a ridge runs downward and inward 
to the outer part of the pre-exapophyses. The post-zygapophyses 
are concave and oblique. Above them there is a stout metapophy- 
sis. The spine is elongate and thin, and apparently only a ridge. 
The third cervical is somewhat longer and has a distinct tuber- 
cular hypopophysis on the anterior end, near the margin of the 
cup. The sixth and seventh are shorter, and the spine is directed 
more backwardly and is a little longer. 
First dorsal vertebra. 
The centrum is short and broad, so different from the preceding 
vertebrae that it is possible there is an intervening one omitted. 
The ball is more than four times as broad as high, concave on the 
upper side, convex below. The post-exapophyses are large and 
confluent with the articular surface of the ball, but are concave. 
The convex pre-exapophyses, at the outer sides of the cup, are at 
the base of the lower root of the elongated transverse process. 
The ventral surface of the centrum is flattened transversely. 
Near the margin of the cup there is a small, but prominent, bifid 
tubercle, projecting cephalad and ventrad. The transverse process 
is elongate, and compressed cephalo-caudad. It is incomplete, 
but, if of the same structure as in Wyctodactylus, it bears both 
articular facets for the rib. Its lower root arises from the sides of 
the centrum, having at its base the pre-exapophysis. The upper root 
arises from the sides of the pre-zygapophyses. ‘The latter are oval in 
shape, with the faces looking upward and inward; they are remote 
from each other. The spine is broad and short, with its upper 
extremity bifid and thickened. The neural canal is of large size. 
An imperfect vertebra, evidently following the one described 
above, has the centrum very similar, save that it is broader and 
shorter, and the hypopophysis is hardly perceptible. The trans- 
verse processes are broken off. The zygapophyses are stouter, but 
more approximated, and the spine appears to be less stout. 
The next three succeeding vertebra are evidently those co-ossified 
to support the scapula. The centra are firmly co-ossified, showing 
only a ridge between them. The cup anteriorly has the exapophy- 
ses laterally, from which arise the stout inferior root of the trans- 
verse processes. The upper root, which is broader, arises as in 
the preceding, its anterior border continuous with the zygapophy- 
6 P 
