PROSSER: UPPER CARBONIFEROUS OF SOUTHERN KANSAS, 159 
of Douglass and one mile south of Rock, is a ledge of massive, 
soft buff limestone, four feet of which is shown. This stratum is 
only three or four feet above the level of Rock.creek, and by the 
barometer seventy feet below the Winfield limestone on the bluff 
to the north, and is in the Florence sub-formation; the difference 
of seventy feet between the two limestones being about the average 
thickness for the intervening shales. 
About one and one-fourth miles farther south, on Spring creek, 
at the W. H. Grove farm, is an outcrop of ten feet of the Florence 
buff, massive limestone. The ledge shows plenty of ‘‘sand holes’’ 
and fragments of fossils. 
Around the head of a draw on the highway, five miles north of 
Winfield, is an excellent outcrop of the Winfield concretionary 
limestone. It is a typical ledge, for it contains abundant concre- 
tions; but they are not of constant occurrence as may be readily 
seen by following the outcrop of this limestone from Douglass to 
Winfield. The limestone is coarse and rough, weathering in large, 
angular, whitish blocks. Below are yellowish and, colored argilla- 
ceous shales; while in the upper part of the limestone, and in great 
numbers loose on the ground, are large iron-stained concretions 
containing fossils. ‘These are known locally as ‘‘sand bricks,” and 
they are flatter than those to the north in the Cottonwood valley, 
which are oblong or rounded. From this concretionary limestone 
the following species were collected: 
Le. OMUCTIN, SRULCR ELE CUTAT US \ NLavts y3Qe. ILOM Yi eer slo es 
(rr) 
2. unomoo poly lepianwenarordes’ WOR ie CCV GDM n wee eC 
( 
( 
rr) 
rr) 
A little higher on the highway may be seen plenty of loose flint, 
30 MEDLODON A ULSEPLELES s ONVALLOW.): WW MA RED i rl Sa en len 4 
ON Os di. ANCHO UNO NAME MT OO rae 
probably from the decomposition of limestone at that locality. 
As nearly as can be determined from the topographic sheets and 
other data at command there is a dip of one hundred feet in the 
Mlorence limestone from the quarry on the Walnut river south of 
Augusta to the one in the eastern part of Winfield. The distance 
between the two localities is twenty-eight miles, which would give 
a south dip of about three and a half feet per mile. 
Elk and Cowley Counties. 
To the south of Greenwood and Butler counties are Elk and 
Cowley counties, Cowley extending south to the state line while to 
the east of its southern half and south of Elk is Chautauqua county. 
The eastern half of Cowley and the western part of Chautauqua 
