56 THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE AND: AGRICULTUKAL GAZETTE. [January 21 1860, 
SS a EE Pe Pg og Ee Eg es 
day comparison with its American rivals, while the | internal and other offal parts, it may be Sar pase that or fed by cramped rootlets ; nor can large bulbs be 
whole continent of Bevo: scarcely knows any English | | nearly 70 per cent. of the gross increase of d leaves ; Nor can vegetation 
invention better than the Bedford plough. France, | sheep fattening over a se hero saloi of t 
ne uss my and Austria have long had it in work. gold | be saleable carcass. Calculations of a similar Mind i in | it will not remain stationary Ina growing tempera’ 
of hondt from the Paris Agricultural Exhibition | regard to pigs show, that of their qae k weight | ture it must gn e to increase or it will fall of 
in peace found a home in Bedf ordshire, and another | wh ils an little 2 than 90 per cent. may be | Hewitt Davis, an. oy 
gold medal from the same famous capital in 1856. A | reckoned as saleable car Tithe C tati = n verag 
third gold medal was claimed at Vienna in 1857, and | So much for the means ns of seitmaliog the value of the | of your readers may feel anxious a kno AT recall 
the Grand Diploma awarded during the same year on | increase in live weight of fattening stock. I now ae the peo average for the seven years 85 Christmas 
the occasion of the Great Hungarian meeting at t Pesth. | to the — = “the pr ee average value | of t authority in the London Gazette at 
To attempt anything like obtained from the consumption of d viz:— 
taken by the Howards plough i a this ountry would | descriptions o s d. 
involve an almost endless tatio that is fortunately | The valuation of ‘the manure sheen from the con- noA 4 =e tem, ae Ls cies zi 
not necessary. see of different foods i p ats "31 H 
me e of their composition, and u: a knowle se experi- ip 
DING STATISTICS. à mentally acquired of the oia average ount of pps mk te for iir intr ation that each 1007 
; ` rge w or the year 1860, amount ty 
7 piieis ah been called upon to believe those constituents of the food valuable DE manure, | 1107, 17s. 8}d., which is nearly 2 per cent. above the } 
ha ve recently been m4 ie in Bo whicl h will be obtained in the soli a and Bau excre- | last year’s value, which was itself the highest of the 23 
practice f the feeding of animals. tes of : the value eof | preceding years. The value for 1855 was only 
the d 1 fe GA E ven in the following | 897, 155. 83d., or 21 per cent, below the value for the 
on this subject :—“ The —- of an paia aa Table, I have miey my całculations upon what I con- | current year. The following statement from: my 
and ee oe compound for the mearooe cl of the | sider the average Compositish. Of profes articles when | « annual Tithe Commutation Tables,” will show: the 
food of live stock is one of _ most i ant advance ae | of good quality. Be: worth of 1007. of tithe rent- alate for each whe since 
in aplod sige e which, the pen oi- tue asmia Showing the Estimated Value Bi ia Manure obtained from the the passing of the Tithe Commutation Act i 
Being largely interested in the feeding of stock for Gimatition Wie awa r Fortheyeartesy .. .. n. 98 18 “a 
profit, and having devoted a great deal of time and Fastimated honey Ieee Sette hte" 4 ee Er 
money in inquiries to obtain fixed data relating to the | S value of the » 7610 a a E 
feeding of animals, the conclusion whic have Description of Food. mi wine ot a $84) ke n 08 
arrived is, that no proof has yet been Pres = meets Se ” 18420 ver oe ee 108 8 
y ave any practical value whatever rE » sete L3 1 3 
economical point of view. Nor does a EEEn of the 1. Decorticated — s ed 1 a 1845 103 1714 
composition of these foods add anything re ee nean a š 1846 102 83 
x * . : os = oe ï 1847 99 18 10} 
previously known = the subject of feeding. 4. Malt-dust Sn Senet s ” 1818 ia e o% 
To enable those who are practica lly e ngaged in 5. Lentils 1 A 1849 10 3 78 
feeding stoc! j fa for themselves what profit they : Linseed à A 185 95.1628 
are likely to derive from the use of food costing from a Deans px 1 » ti $6 H 4} 
o r ton, I propose to call attention to a fe 9. Peas Aee PE ea ? 1853 9l 13 E 
facts connected with the subject of feeding w ich eh 10. Locust Beans <3 ee = 9 o 1854 i 90 
been established by the pons of my own experim rai Oats : l w 1855 $9 1 
e first question to consider is, what is the trobable 18. Miep Cora pase ha NERE ” Tas : oe it t 
amount of saleable tithes, or meat, that may be 14. = lt SO ee Yee ES SS Ht ki 1858 2S pe 108 36 Be Í 
calculated upon as the produce of a given amount of 15. Bai : rley 5> ea US mL e W859 cre oils 08 19 OE 
ordinary good fattening food?. The second is, what is ne : pasata e a na ae » 1860 s o oo 10-17 BY 
the probable value of the manure? In offeringa very De ie A E ae : 24) 2307 19 9 
few brief observations on these two points, Í shall not 19. Wheat straw 1 s 
attempt o give any exact estimates of the com- oe Fein Sob 1 Gene: oo hinarap o fe. 
parative feeding properties of different foods, but 22; Mangels... St 0 Charles M. Willic wary y Uni versity LAA surance “| 
merely state the average eng of ordinary mixed 93. Swedish Turnips ww ws wee — ~ Spok enia Pall Mall East, SW. 
of recognised ality, e an to produce a 24. aaan es te ae 0 : Our and Mr. Mite ogee r. Mitchell 
given amount of gross inerease or cass weight. I 24. Carrots". - in Beno bas ron. e plist ad daneed in in my reply of the 
shall, however, give estimates of ~ EIREANN value| It will be seen how eno normously ‘the value of the | 6th December, i Š afia ence of the practice pee in the 
re for manure, from a given | Manure e from 1 ton of different food varies acco! cording to | Fens with reference to the time.of sow ing Ma 
weight of a number of the most important of our | the composition = the merch tself. Now, from the! to his mind “ neither clear nor conclusive.” I regret 
stock-foods. s poa: analyses of several’ of this, as I con ceived they, would be. both, and still Yaak 
f feeding cxpeituaeole are conducted over a suf. | the expensive condimental ” compoun a foods, as well | they were su feie nt to satisfy any unprejudiced ine 
ficiently lost period of aee they “include, a om nue knowledge of the chief tiak. used in their I informed Mr. Mitchell that I had sown Mangels ot 
sufficiently large number of animals to neutr: the 1 Or | our Fen Soi ils in every week from the 1st April to the - 
influence of individual peculiarities, and if they are in of them te | middle of May, and that these experiments ugh 
all other res] formed with sufficient care, results | the value es athar either “of the first nine tioin in the above mei pa t the last week in mankan and the first in bee 
aes 
per 
will So ay poe -n which there eat ne but little | li of the majority of these new foods, | were the best. I gave some r why this 
devi the experimen ted, | the = of ihe manure from a ton of the food Yous weii the principal of area were, arnan sprin g frosts, fy 
pa a atin figures, | cer 
Resu Pnr may be ex tainly pes much less than that from a ton of any one} and wireworm, almost invariably either portialipat 
bite for all the practical gurpenwclignnass estima of those nine articles. wholly destroyed the plant Whe sown early. These — 
may be safely taken to sae ae the average result of} | ie conclude: No experimental evidence upon indu- | are facts, not theories, and ought consequently to carry 
well-managed stock feedin: tably trustworthy authority has yet been brought | conviction with them. Early sowing is not a thing ur 
My own experiments show that oxen and rad fed costing from | known and untried in the Fens, but a few years ago 
liberally upon good fattening food, 4 ior to 501. } per ton, will so improve the rate of i iner ease | was practised largely and only abandoned when 
moderate proportion of cake or corn, a little hay or i experience taught that later sowing uniformly secured 
SAEN chaff, together with roots or other -succulent of raae compensate he heavy cost, of these | q heavier crop. All this is indicated in the extract 
food, will yield over a considerable period of time one condim additions. | = ‘intelligent. Drit „can, | from my report of the 30th April, which Mr. Mitchel ) 
part of increase in live weight for from eight to ten however, Wy the aid biel en |in his former criticism quotes, viz., “ Mangel a 
parts of dry substance supplied in such mixed food. | Siven above, satisfy self on the point, if he = has already commenced, but most of our farmers hare 
The quantity of dr. ne substance of food required will vary rigidly re rely upon scales a and weights instead of upon | found it- iie etiantageour to sow this crop later than they 
-between these limits according cter of | Mere = observation. And with regard to the i e few years since, and many decline sowii 
‘the food and other circumstances; but nine parts of | Vs value of the manure, the figures in the above table and | until l May i is in.” The legitimate inference from ; 
dry substance of food for one of increase in live weight the observations we have made upon them will show that early sowing had formerly been ued, but bat 
y be taken as a very fair average result for oxen him how much of his 407. rake — he may expect to | failed, else why should Fen farmers find it advantages 
| sheep with good eo ae The | recover in the form of J. B. Lawes, | to sow the crop later? It clearly states that they M 
dry substance of the fattening food of pigs contains Rothamsted, changed their _— and why? Not from i 
wanton Sousa larger a Speen from caprice, not from any, pro-conceived a 
of saa a T found, JEE 
ienai oas l ktemidaan: i sheen om eee but simply because they iF 
a Home se stent Vrercey | Taneaseons to do so, which being interpreted, sig mj 
ed from the c tion of : Early Sowing urzel | tl ieee) sowin, product foe better cro} 
s s nce in iei piei e | and Swedes.— Serene of tho ltt yene will hare has been the s It oniy y te whet 
iry substance” of food is meant that portion which would | taught many the e è and | referring to this controversy, that one of my 2 ot 
remain after driving off, by a suitable leat, all the water | early sowing of Mangel Y =- t ma A who farms largely in the Feny 
which in cae tetcament aero: For practical | North’s extraordinary crop of 64 tons acre was pee aiga in nearly ev instance i 4 
purposes it may et ee sown about the middle of of April andthe best — i cue TAIA wd er g, they We 4 
corn will, on the average, 1 St Birmingham were | unsuccessful, lost their plant, were compelle of 
seventh, and hoi corn, hay, &e, rather more | sown about the same time, and I recall that the finest | in the season to re-sow. These are very awkward 1% 
than one-seventh of their- weight of water; the | Swedes I ever grew were sown in April, some few of them | for Mr, Mitchell to deal with, ie am have grow 
remainder being the so-called “dry substance” of the | having attained the weight of 27 lbs. and 28 lbs, Mangels near the Forth or near the Thaha na | f 
In the same sense the commoner sorts of Turnips | But kisay anaa such very early sowing I must | by earl: seeding have been very successful, as he * ai 
will on the average contain more than nine-tenths, | not omi te that in each of these instances the doubtedly has has been. His ‘end near the Thames t 
and Swedes, Mangels, &c., less than nine-tenths land nem red by trench patahing and the | be low, evaporation may produce great we 
of their weight’ of water, the remain ing | plants had been set out poe rtionately wide, for to ex- | and frost in the spring, but this anii proves nothing 
“substance. Potatoes consist of Tey one- | pect to grow: large thy roots without so doing will: as it regards the Fens. It is the peculiar tex wee d 
-fourth dry Substance and three-fourths wa From | only disappoint and turn out mischievous, Earlier | our Fen soil which renders it so susceptible of 1%) 
— ee aie to o judge roe “himself, sowing must be accompanied with deeper tillage and | from spring frosts. One night’s frost on these A 
; € a proper iner n weight of | greater space, having in view the greater size each root spring will destroy our plants, whereas on our 8 
d € ; ami trots compara- | will want to attain, and the evil that must arise should | soils, which we technica 
bdauibseide whether or not he gets | they attain an occupation = the ae cage oil a not even injure on Here I co 
€ xing with | of tem has n end to Fen lands and 
d some of the mixture to him at | powers. To the want of to their increas- | low land Š x hig 
or 502. ee ne in vot cal- | ing leaves, and to the = rer we t s ence to aan -ngpa 7 tho ess 
