12 THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. [January 28, 1880. 
aaa Ser? — Sone Sara mannna ————— a $e 
ward pruning and cropping operations, and for | to grow, o lon appear, but i in | their | chief oe of the tumour, is a corky y, substance ofh 
+ removal of trees to Kensington Gore. stead the rancor’ aie loded with hard dry balls, | ye ellowish brown or snuff colour, between which 
The Fruit and Vegetable Committee has been | such as are represent nted in the accompanying cut. and t the wood are several sinéll hard grains reseni- 
rovided with a permanent Secretary, by whose These galls are caused by an insect known blin api each having a cavity in its centre, į 
vation and eat air its future not ae be | to naturalists under the name of Cynips Quercus- which, doubled together, lies a soft white fi ootless > 
regulated, and by whom measures will be -r petioli. SrLvanus, writing in 1855 from near | worm or a te age on completing its growth, 
iate si e ges RT, 
i ce of Secretar Andere n aovepted ance that we meet his words: are ‘ yery | quently toa fly like’ its parent above described. 
y Mr. Hose, wek knowled dge, a fruits is different from the kadai soft galls upon the | whereupon, to. escape from its confinement, it 
recognised by all wh di g seldom very numerous, and dropping off|gnaws out of this hard seed-like envelope anq 
progress. ith the cage in the autumn. But these Gal- onward thro an the corky substance and the 
I e manner the Floral Committee has been ax uts of C. Quercus- petioli are mostly persistent external bark, thus producing those small per- 
strengthened by the engagement of Me re apa the gees and con at pe for a long i time oru ute Tincholes, which are always mei . 
ni 
E a T wt u 
render it a court of judgment upon all gibjects of the year, often the Aarh Shit: in ‘young ae | exit therefrom.” 
coming within its scope. and cluster at its termination, thus stopp Se This meee tonia amare Sep applicable į in 
An Implement rN ose an N i pet pee of the buds by taking up their - | strictness to fly u n here, is suf. 
Committee will also be form oon and keeping the trees in a dwarf er A | ficiently exact ee er an cpr idea of the 
Society shall sew a place af Yasinin of tery | por now before me young shoots that are termi- goon nature a the tumours under considera- 
ficient capacity. For the conduct of the manifold | nated by eight or nine of these hard brown galls | tio In every case, whether that of the Oak 
operations now evi tae the small office fal cluster together; I recently noticed in the pata the Oak y Epi the Oak spangle, or the 
St. Martin’ s P Oneoft ie a oe Pientatons on does aun near — Oak gall, the swelling ealled a ga all arises from 
gton Gore will ti Mare, many y been | the eaten produce by a grub, which is hate 
to mht a pat “publi ataia with spacious quite ruined by t "heir wading shoots em thus | among the soft young cellular matter of the part 
rooms, having ample | loaded, dead. Now Ihave | attacked. ghis grub comes from an egg deposited 
as thi me four-winged fly of the genus Cynips, or of 
the meetings of the Floral and Fruit an Vege- | the little group named after it. the irrita- 
u able sapea meek which will become 2 to the t thus produced the cellular matter increases 
ellows, test i 
Smat and im npor 
While this worki is mr aE th the “ple for the 
garden itself will be matured, and the are chitec- | 
tural colonnades to be co: onitracte x i 
> grub feeds, grows, and finally pas.es through n 
Commis xi ners in be rising all aro e changes natural to it, in the same be as the 
ne of the objects of the Council “will be to pete ds hi ve bee changes, in i its ae 
introduce into the poesia first-class l winged — 
decoration suited to architectural gardening, such fly, when ae the assistance of its td d horny jaws, — 
as vases, statuary, and similar objects, for which if gnaws a hole thro ugh the side ¢ the nie and i 
at the present moment no place is to be found in escapes into the ets “air, When rated it in 
on. That this attempt will be effectually course of time discovers places like that from f 
seconded by all lovers of art is . a apparent hich it ca and there depo its eggs asils 
he following significant occu At the mother did before; then the insect dies. -The eggs 
close of the Great Exhibition of 1851. a sean thus la’ the autumn hat spring when — 
able sum of money was subscribed for the weather returns ; egrees new galls 5 
purpose of erecting a monument to comme- the produce of their action, and our trees are 
morate that great event. A sub-committee loaded w alls Hence it will be seen 
was forme select a design he work, = x when the young galls are forming the perfect in- 
and it was eventually determined to take one of = sects are dead, and our stat Soe safely inclosed 
two plans. But where to place it? The Com- reason to believe that, this attack upon the ies in prisons of ‘their own formation.t Hence the 
mittee naturally looked to Hyde Park, the scen ur| advice of Dr. Asa Frrex z to the way of 
of the mighty gathering, but every successive Chief | years ago I first Sarees a few on two or tri destroying them 
Commissioner of Wcods and Forests raised peed trees, and looked upon them as a curiosit co « f ttack a val 
ties as to its admission, earied of makin g | year rI was warprised to observe many mor y and whieh e yor = aoe 3 age ri 
vain vae Sania a A position = es whie Bs a = ire a ieaie pats rom 
memor. red as if tho money w d of the plantations only, and without going ; out of = valls which they produce ara s0 : 
have to te Emri to the “subscribers till at ‘ast the Reo? I we unted aS Senne yh were 3 or less oe d thet the inclosed nists have per p 
We now learn, from the Atheneum that the sub- 8 oe me, it is true, had Bly ahont a a ERATAN galls o q “3 ane i e Taea & aly a 
upon advising an application to | šo upon ‘them, but many had hundreds dentate trees that gall-flies are lia ‘le to destroy or 
be at once es o her Majesty’s Commissioners | upon their branches ake sf Grapes, and the young c ea a 
and the Hortioultaral Society for a space in the | smaller trees were evidently droopin and checked ey ee E a en ae a 
new Garden hich t : neu gee: sitic and other enemies restrain them fro 
on = ch to erect it; and ata gemaa in their growth by absorbing villainous galls h ill quite a 
ae na a se days rt Sa — — Some of the trees were actually withered lls | plying, so t ii, a — thoy ee 
ouse, erman “Le bets e chair, S e 8 | i i 
committee adopted this peti E54 a ; O and others had their leading shoots killed, | [yy Sahi jit Fi glish experience does not 
n earned 
then, is a fine group for the new gardens Be pore is clear to me that fresh trees are attacked rsa eee Ye Bae i et aa 
j| year by the increasing insect alls 
nhs anticipate many another offer of the sala, sid what can be don ne ee ‘abo ansualts te er lane casita 
Though I only cou Snte e trees in the Worle Hill | ṣe sirk i uestion 
While active measures of Say Sy ts ee Leesa og PY dare say re have doubled this Man PTE 2 Tey pe ne syed hen 
» thi number by go: eper within the coppice ; : t 
about to oe possibility of once more | say as aly ri OL Oaks had 50 gaan ona whole ooanty ee T. -2o wo iw 
seeds may be copiously drawn for distribution | commence the n 
among the Fellows of the Society. Should there | instead of only 91 trees attac with, so that next year be had re ._ If labour can be found fra 
Deam iine aliy in the way of of T ad of only 9 aL cae ate Die hes rue al harvest e m ee vii 
one of the most useful as ay ey nen hoger the iehi is that the Oaks fires sont sent Sane the et armed with ti 
logan se sion at present take—provided nuts, RE “whois: y these hard. gall- | common n long- shasilod. na sold by i ; 
i as ages is one ne es TR trees there were ries at all pe oaths larger ikers; wet prun be collected bf 
igen E ay val Qteed ome ea ee a 
productions. ais stan ate wil g evil daveet into soft ch Orin 
great rapidity haye unfortu- all the branch fa ht be 
nately EAT To lege cases e branches o ao mig 
For some years past a silent unsuspected enem; Pe nomia ces isl nak and futia E AS e 
has ben invading fte Oak ane ot oa r emy | indeed has it spread, that it has become indispen- | pne a aoka th on thu lower jes OY 
_the south-western counties_caLts, like those | For we do not i that t si ant ese ave 
sya ze get — ~ Levant for the purpose of | West will me y a a pave iae he whet ia poe hg > h por ie 
g black, have been making their appearance, | ink-galls as an equivalent for their coppi ce wood “et sang ns ope 
ae engl = se. in quite n — or navy timber. | brae as aa "is supposed, th the mbes ei ape th the C 
. i i | de z 
Sey asions the subject has beem) Tn gest gs on Am meg in Sia this d anger | all ited before eno i 
1805, when Me, Wasrwoop eublished a figuce of | 8,0 be met, Cee A teo ata ee seach the posty best 
the gill, anda fow months ae a correspondent | a disti produced ‘mad by wist, De ee Firon, the Oaks would then have the whole sumer bet 
Sie be iden Fs om uel Gat: ual thus * of mht is observed in t the U, A Seta Se nAn pe x T aa si 
son OE a a to the evil the land- NR pge eng Aarie gA a a tome n Ranges on | practicable, and to follow it is doubtless & 
even got Devo, Coral Eien Taka bom, sd on ih eming te D Speen eed sess in ta 
hope of raising Oak timber. The trees have ceased | society of New York. ban g00 eee tO sia on ts ee ‘are iat 
