Feoevary 11, 1860.) THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE ala! eee CULES pee 129 
among sheep, some of which were found to depend ; three millions. Under our ol it without pipes over his sloping grounds, like 
=~ ially | sh E GA 
Net esp ecially among of entozoa within the true ch gar ai Re arene population b ht : 7 fa 3 t 
hig of the animal and o api i E eaa ‘ot of Pike RRR Numerous | [of food , now it ha The Extraction in a Dry Condition of the Valuable 
Ver within the mo Oe atiro these circumstances have bee e Real Diffoulty i. Deets does not consist | HZ, 
ce tiers Send the directions for the treatment and ‘general i sewage to the farmer’s fields, | accomplished, farmers declining to purchase ‘the r resi- 
wi Tranagement of Ms ia animals gi “Aiar a le mre poe bat in conveying to his mind, and to that of his land- | duum at a remunerative price. Recent experiments 
der without an exception been i, ae fae ord, t will be nece wey and prone- with per-chloride of iron have been reported upon by 
tof the desired e isin -e gh am in of Professor Simonds as | ig to him to avail of it. Farmers, as a body, have no | Dr. Hoffmann to the Metropolitan Board of Works, as 
h Lord Welsing ing ere stomachs of lambs. faith in liquid manure, and are not, probably, pike being more successful than former experiments wit 
y in l 
s atei in reply to several questions | that 12 parts out of 13 of their own manure, and that other substances ; but if Dr. Letheby’s table of deodo- 
e entozoa met with in the true | of all their Seah ae are deposited as urine. The sheep- | dorising cost is correct, we must give up all hope of 
x oM ive organs of lambs were the cause of the death | folding, an ved of its ae would be almost worth- getting „London excreta in a solid form My own 
ril} digestive of Thise nimals. These worms often existed | less. pears to me that the only way to remove, or in favour of its applicati 
be TS thickly besetting the mucous coat | overcome, his diffculty, wil e for any company that age, as a matter of economy and pro ofit. 
ste their heads firmly embedded in it. Their} may undertake the scheme fs pis ow the effects of the How much Dry Solid Matter is there in the Daily 
and having detachment was prevented by a barbed | town sewage on small plots of ground, in various parts Excreta of 2, 0.000 People? (the opis ion of 
ji f the skin near the head of the worm, but which | of the country through which their pipes may pass, or esis Bi ey exaggerated and erroneous notions 
pr tele d depress when moving from spot to | otherwise offer such inducements for trials as may ail, e ongi st engineers on this subject, I must 
antity of nutriment partaken of by | tend, by their results, gradually to remove this unprofit- | ae to Prodis Way’s statistics Royal Agricultura 
or anzmiated the animal. They | able prejudice. On br 3 grounds below the reser- | Soci ty ’s Journal, Vol. 15, p. 135. By those you wil 
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earan lth, ‘conse uently they could not | nary irrigated mea ots, thas saving the farmer The pave! discharge of Benen of Eman raie 
Pa. v ores eased stati eof the organism | the expen of subterranean iren pipes. No one pe topes ro pare 
but as ma cause. baer onds i cer yp that | can reasonably doubt that the great want of British Pe, a 
rwent iraneformatio d gave as ye iculture is more manure, Assuming eH the ang matter from = ania manure of 2, PENON 
k a he "hydatid i in - rata of. sheep, | the 15,000,000 o a who inhabit our towns and | - 69 tons. 
cause of the on ease as wre Oe e stage te the iti and other elements of oie, wide 2,500,000 Westie a 3 i's r 3 lbs. per 
ei: of apeworm he dog in par ticalat, equal ‘to those £ 20, 000,000 0 of sheep; what would | da: ay ras wil be ra Ree of fluid dees but as this 
He also Hotes that the mensly condition of the flesh pi farmers or their. landlords say, if farmers, having fed | urine contains 3 of dry solid matter, you will 
pigs depend n the presence of hydatids, which i ,000 of sheep and lambs day by day, their manure | no doubt a aA ty pont I tell you that this liquid 
the digestive elimi of ely parsed would APERTAR was to be daily thrown into the river, instead of ing | excreta contains 104 tons of dry solid matter, or 
into tapeworms; but that either the salting or cooking | deposited on the fields? What would be the loss to| 50 per cent. more than is contained in the so-called 
of pork would destroy the hydatids. Such food could | agriculture of the folding of shyt go z eep rene hd = faecal excreta. These excretal matters are mix 
be eaten with im heres although it ges Pape sa Would it not bring poverty and n the closets and sewers with about 214,000 tons of 
properties. “orth turpentine with Linseed oil was | agricult ure? Every farmer of the laine KE capaci in water, the remains (atter evaporation, &c.) of the 
among the m ats vermifuges. Su wie of pina en this; ‘hit rau i = understand that the daily supply of 80,090, ons to the population. 
mixed in he of lambs had been found very | loss from 2 pnts nth a onl y hi = The rainfall would be a large addition to this. The 
beneficial in the expulsion of the barbed worms from | Rat that from 20,000. Paice P Can n hb cot 4 e| qnantity deposited by the 60,000 horses and other 
their stomachs. hat een be the rsa by British ariiente of fhis animals in London cannot be so accurately ascertained, 
Communications were received from | additional daily foldin more sheep, but enough has been stated to show how suitable is the 
A W: Melton, ot Bathu = St com ‘River Gambia, human beings, on the. ea of T England ? Is ian fiuid condition to its cone mer ee a frond distant point, 
a inem tines In looking | and to i 
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a eee | over the balance-sheet of the London General Omnibus | as food for plants. Mr, tow rm a very able and 
e Wr: Sema y a oi ie gone eh wi Company, I saw that they had i ne betwee a Tsala paper on sewage, ženi before the Society 
3. Messrs. Hardy & Po = Growers, Maldon, Essex, | 20007. and 30007. for the manure from their stables for of Arts, March 7,:1855, suggests that not less than 
no p enp: diagram of a clamp or shed for preserving | one year. Is this no pie te of the agricaltaal loss ? tne e = TASS land should receive the whole 
gh Wine Baron Liebig writes to Mr. Ellerman s London. | sewag and that 10,000 tons per acre might 
Ñ plan fer Ope Nn mld agree calf The contents of the PONAS of the fortress of|be be ape with advantage This would be equal toa 
5. ot oral disease Corbett, of Whittington, Towcester, on | Rastadt, in the Grand Duchy of “o “iah hich d fi ears, or 100 inches. He also anticipates 
Pet the deposits of a garrison o sold in| a rental rey d l. or 307. per acre. His 
A te sex oti on se ie ee for 8155 florins. The commune ‘of “Oligheim, near | paper is well worth reading. At Edinburgh, as much 
. Mr, Thomas Turnor, Pool Park, Ruthin, North Wales, | Rastadt, consumed the ater ae korn of this | as 6000 tons per Scotch = are applied; and I believe 
with a plan of a moveable cattle-shed. sewerage, md in the course | of a few s they con- | it is less diated than t riye ennai n a 
" theratilisatiow or anid p ng s sý waste 
9. Monas le Pontois, iL, Rae des ( en L'Orient, France, | corn-field: i oa des, it i s highly. desirable eat cae an 
ete of two new seed- | towns oe ‘caus a Ainin revenue meas their sewage; | extensive area, irr: elles land should be occasionally 
leps of his invention. but that can only be when agriculturists have tested | broken up, and thus a sais i 
=S its value. In order to induce them to do this, every nsider, however, that Mr. mn oy much 
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r i= soos temptation and encouragemen mh be offered to eodorralned ed town sewage, an that the of distri- 
armers? Clubs. — them, and to those companies who propose to supply | bution es far greater than’he rovomninebda: fe 
: Feb. 6.—On the Sewerage of Towns as it | them. appears to have per: no value on the water alone, as 
oft British Agricultu ure. —Mr. Alde erman Mechi read | — Influence of Sewage Manure on my Farm profits.— | a ge elem 
am much indebted to the sewage system on my farm | Would it pay a i Compe pany to Deliver the Sewage at 
extracts :—The question “How to Manure our |in this respect—for the last six years my gain as land-| 1d. per Ton ?—In order to arrive at ‘sound approxima 
Eee ra ag and cheaply 7.4 is well aoa con- | lord and tenant on my little farm of 170 acres has been| data on this point, I have minutely investigated 
sideration in a country in oe where Thonn of a, mer 7001. p — rie this mt year, an a books containing the detailed workings of our nine 
in | Whea i nies, and find that i 
he Nagin ee i Fe eb a Te MR Big oF hehe Se 6 AR A Me i a PE 
idly increasin 
m-pro' 
agriculture, and where the ns ab conipetieioin pay ‘a: | paying ev divine: Of course si of og benefit their const pumping Tee 
an] its consequently increasing rental, necessitate a pai ng every steam-powe! inage, cultiva- | year, pre oii a ~ i ity 
much higher rate of production. The’ B peii a of tion, and other improvements, ie the Treified manure delivered, nearly: 18,000 m of gallons. year 
Baron Liebig’s important warning the British | sys stem has as grea eatly contributed to this result. the vof anir gee be re tint tere 
aste of the he elemen 
people, o : How this Sewage is to be got upon the Land.—The | tity, say 36,500 millions of gallons, 
Which should produce their food, has attracted m engineering di calti are, I terre reason to know, not galloni Jer day ; and the cost of cat for he yer a about 
attention, and caused a considerable discussion of the| considerable. There is nothing ape ni he than the| 18,0007. Now if the Sewage 
age question. In the editorial remarks, and various | cost of delivering water or sewage ai n heights | this water supply (minus one-fifth for covapdration; ke), 
i has bee that have pete tr the Baron’s letter, ra eng Oe great Cornish elo ines | and, in addition, a considerable portion of rain-fall, equar 
i 1 <a i A manmi uantit to 500,000 tons a day, their coals for 
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in consequence pra Thsnetedy that, Ee mas fe 1200 feat hig Besid ee eee accurately the | of 1 d. per ton for other expenses, and profit on invest- 
pers tig Liebig p ray ted fears; and | amount of senor er used to supply these 80,000,000 | ment. I have allowed for a liberal supply of coals, 
barns bus ter daily to the metropolis. How | seeing that the company woul Id ha ave to employ greater 
"Be ntish Séstoniune. My object in reading | erro: S the supposition that our town g th 
this E is to refute ppoe mitoko assumptions by | eamiót Te wailed of in its Predenit form. It is already| Assuming that Chay at pile ed 500,000 tons of sewage 
showing that exeretal se of very recent forma- |in operation at Watford, Rugby, að other places. daily at 1d. pan ine it SA agi amount vn to ass pea 
pon eee that, om lately, "nearly all the refuse of our | Wherever eai has arisen, it has been for nck opsje Tor, DRIES, 
the and cities ound i way back, mo ost pr operly, to| want of carrying out the machinery and piping in 916 
land, th d with hydraulic science. The Serpentine, in| o pay working expenses, Bee in shanks 3 on eet er ed 
exhaustion, In former times, the E aian of us may Hyde Park, would just hold one day’s s London sewäge | From my dis © of Piping and pumping, I can 
ft itl rain-fall. Two Is i i ly say yt d l 
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r present course withou 
well remember sh 
oat; The contents of these, mixed with ashes engine would suffice to empty this Serpaititie, One} n 
i other refuse, found their way, by canal of tes | inch depth of water will be 101 tons 5 cwt. 2 qrs. 21 Ibs. | m: 
miles ao te mea ‘Even now, many | per imperial acre. Sewage weighs heavier than water, Will the Sewage be a Nuisance 
wet of London e brought down to the airen to its saturation. The sewage of London | through the Soil —An 
aes 150 miles, and paid for L by the farmers at | taken at 60,000,000 gallons per day would fill a canal shall 
i milestro e ton. friend of mine, 10/10 feet ths 4 feet deep, and 45 —_ — r in 
2 furor Reading in Berk tiresome tr send his carts length every 24 hours. I would commend ‘to 
3 five times a week =o that town for night soil. | notice a very able pamphlet, by Mr. "Shepherd, Ò ČB, 
he wasting to the — er and sanitary arrangement, published by Effingham Royal Exchan 30,000,000 of ee or 
so St rs once ie is thus deprived | this question aerd sewage. He is tying | of of bale and rey equal in 
of his m urial resources. Multiply his | to establish a company for this purpose. Mr. Sh our population? Is there no smell in irs 
mL yee may then estimate the | herd’s plan is to have reservoirs on the hi ighest districts | ese in And are we to forbid its application to the 
new system. In 1700 | always charged, like our water — and main | soil? There are 50, acres u se cultivation: 
of mark, 4240 inhabit- supply pipes under the — aA oads. The farmer | of these Pear Gi manured annually with 15 
15 near "300/008. Manchester | would then only have to con is hose and turn on|of farm-yard manure per acre, making a totat of 
700, and 400,000 in 1851. The! the tap, and he might at any "ine, appl the fortilising 187, ! 
our other hives of industry. At | stream to his fields; he would require no tank or es _ towns was 
of Le patsy oe os for this purpose, esa iecur being pes applied to soil? Where are the washings of the 
150,000, now it Fe aaae palleleut to give him an ample jet; or he might | 200,000 “yon fol diaclntatod birds’-dung (guano) which 
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