NN 
Feonvany 18, 1860.) THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE, t51 
plan, considered me erely as a TEAD 1 of | bya dressing a hotés, by which their pristine fertility | cities be: persev ered in, then th 
vantage ge of the pla it certa iniy ar that whilst the | was at once rest =p guano ones, will make their way int ne ries je wers 
pore ad is ansv uote byt a deodorisation | ere the of the exhaustion and its remedy i the cities, which, like a bottomless pit, have for 
— he conom also in a degree | seem both sen nally palpable, the one being the phos- enturies swallowed up the guano-elements of the 
cones to the fields which | | pho ric acid carried off in the cheese, &c., aineiity English fields, so that after a ser’ ries of to the land 
‘his aterik Repeater indeed, | exported e pri the m 7 other the restoration of 4 ill fin d itself precisely w before 
’ so $s y the bo: d ron 
| SRA 
of receiving mor sewerage | ove an In purely agricultural communitie “But in that case what is rig “om 
the expense of ce f mechanical | jadeed N without bc and without manufactures, which has been calle a into thee i 
roa the bE ded ae Saeed of the advantage th he noi is reme eti y the niere application of t} gir n of corn he i 
power, cattle maintaine m the property, or by the aid of tation of f these fi rt g 
in the Milanese senors sai whati a alled sta a e een Prope gs whole of what h will ree es g principles from abroad, and 
—_ 00 n racted fro ae agi, be not thus replaced, the Me its subsistence P” 
a oses, b a is e good by the soil itself, which| “If” - 
“a fr several porp sited th Villabia ih |$ in sie course of piers bandy unlocks, as it were, more desirable that the Å mori pining poate T 
th of Ag to fow over the co yee meadows ; and more of its latent treasures. the supp 2 Ppa be restored by means of extermina- 
are| Where, indeed, the whole produc wa Epner tions (in which the want of food 
tream of the Fou | Barn, „a canal | the estate, ~ » only oo hagisan h sustained ; in mineral has a ches stayed a certain part), or else by means of 
: rains ee y he wasting plagues, patience, and famine, the ey s mee 
themselves; and the more recent trials made at Paris popalio on in respec rt their bonbe a very small and | reflect “that the tim 
land adjac ent to the grhgereks of "the city, all scare cely appreciable per centage of t the enti ire amount. respe: ct oat the nia of existence and the i inbiean fof 
prs =n EEN Sine this mode of treatment as d ulation. 
ntry begins to congregate in towns, and a “A ver ite reflection will n = 
bi apple to Kirata the aoa of the herbage suffers, | wis ithe e case in our times, a E rae the aram of the is lations of for yor + iri sioner: 
although its quant ei increased, and that the | latter begin to outstrip in n rs the agri cul- ira natural law, according t OW wht ch the 
obta ined is nk coarse, and therefore ill se si Si = bore comiriunity, to Whoa oniar and durat: iner ee or diminution of a natural pheno- 
tt e ribute, without adding depends upon the return, duration, increase, or 
iag | E ee lly ‘a for land which the latter fit 
Ha ie rape n be afforded, of the a advan- In thi it b stant drai upon | “This law governs’ the return of the harvests upon 
f Ji freely applied. the lail: must be taking plss i in direct proportion to our Apron the maintenance and increase of our popula- 
~ Grass land, a vse is nece essary Jim mited in qua taken | y to sée, that a violation of this natural 
tity, = it is by no means so certain that corn ‘crops to restore the whole of the kaloni matters which are oy must exert upon all these nye rig ene in- 
: equal benefit, at leas g ca ee ed off t uences, which can be set as side i other way than 
meth ofapplying gud m manure; adi fference epee And here, too, as Baron Liebig shows, a by tl 
f explanation, i tthe | amply confirms ld hay; te then it o ier. t that certain existing circum- 
d us to anticipate. ances work deleteriously upon the fields ; if it can ai 
trmting, its sppliontion to na of the ie aa HE am ancient times the enormous population of Rome | | per adi that their continuance must bring about the 
tion only take p at certain seasons of the year. | was fed from the produce of Sicily, Sardinia, and | ruin of Pract ne if there be but one single one of 
I aay also Aa pane ser doubted whether the | Northern Africa. all the means which have hitherto resisted this dele- 
object in view would be always attained, if the| These gra dually became é¢xhausted, and even at the | terious influence and get it less sensibly felt, which 
sewerage of a large city were allowed to spread itself | present day, owing, as Liebig thir sks, to — over- = be safely relied upon to secure a covstant ility 
without limitation over the adjacent neighbourhood. _ | cropping, yield an amount of corn by no s com- ur lands, and this e krie bya simple change 
rene appear, then, from the foregoing statements, | meglio to ae oe? — as fi ph of o r present ruinous system—then 
in a few small places like Rugby, which} In modern times the e process has. been going on | it becomes us to think, wate i in such a case a nation 
aici i hola on an example which great cities could | in Eng Tind, where it S of people, “subsisting | ought wet gh summon 1 up a all her intellectual and 
safely 3 imitate, no „successful me thod has as Jat een | upon ‘trades and manufactures, or ministering to t tal 
of ee rest of the communi ity, are as much conditions of her welfare,’ 
pw sought, Sa secording gly in London l “I know,” concludes the e professor, “that the prophets 
jesce ep w ih ai a ver | = se support, as the Roman people, i in the time of | of oo evil have at all vie been m by their 
ys j“ ate esap “tore off the filth city to | Augustus, of the provinces. n generation, on if history and natural laws can 
- adistance, and disri pecs altogether the ‘aaa Until lately no ‘one tho ought of restoring to the land furnis h any groundwork for a just scmilbalony then there ~- 
value of tl the material itse any part of what had been Saciored from it, and even | is none which stands on a firmer basis than this, viz., 
Ped is against this Soins that — Liebig enters | now, after all the discussion on the subject whi ch has i iti 
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his protest, anđ with an earnestnes = by u on or th 
feeling of the ruinous consequenc gi ing fro n has in view simply the transference of the sew erage | their land—if they allow these conditions, as 
rseverance in it, points out its entire inconsistency to a epoi where, as it is hoped, it will not entail disease; | to þe s squandered, their fields and meadows will at to 
the gri iples upon which t entirely lost to ot public. e evi aiat a distant time cease to yield their return of corn and 
ry wou e eat.” 
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he soil has been shown aiina of this system of robbe: ld have been fel 
reminding us, us, that although diligent | earlier, had it net been for the employment, first of the « Whether r, after this state of things shall have 
4 tilla lage, favourable seasons, and the expenditure of bones of cattle slaughtered for that vi se, and | arisen, the ‘strength; and independence of the . 
2 capital, are condi bed favourable to good harvests, yet ste poe! of guano, by either of which methods the -e will be preserved, En a question which it net 
bes tha nb dlt these combined Will be of no avail, unless the yi ita ondertully increased, chiefly by restoring to} not to t province of natirdl science to discuss. 
mi round t the elements which had been gradua raa 
E the crop are present in 
a they can be absorbed b aes growing pat Ifa any ¢ one 
of these be deficient, the amount of pro 
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‘aving now laid before you the ds upon 
Hav wia 
x | Baron won tome Saal the “nation is pur- 
i n the I ments entered 
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opted ” 
the first place he miglit, as a practical man, 
Bibat himself with ging that the valuable con- 
Y | stituents of the mani ahs ad 
e old s 
i If, cate s be a aere years th ries ingre- ey taii W w : he n vi “that 
nt 2 mi od i complete bodii ‘ar at 
ms ae of oy coun lig pping, without being | The practi le nepali P em is might kerar their contents 
i + become unproductive, just as a well, i è a ie bt fis agit nes 
4 maybe, which receives no supply of water, must in the| supply have during a Thames in the immediate pro 
ae empty, if its water be continually pumped | long ji ag gen oie caging ae in oe re it is to be 
st uviæ the 
These principles appear so self-evident that they washed into ‘the sea, aga conseque: , at least, is provided fo: , whilst the economical 
as 
ently that å Of | bject 
ae = is necessarily limited exclusiv aly o dirien 
merely = se to be teste a by an appeal to experience. 
new] 
3 In tiled countries indeed the loss for some | latitr to 
= ae donti nue unfelt, because of the large accumu- Secondly, that the quantity deposited in a year, or the ea hits o “htt ‘of Kaun pen tie) sae Aa 
; tion of soluble mineral oa ae up in the n within a any moderate interval of time, is so a d fok 
; organic nife ant, he f , r ii 4 
matters in uantity pinnae is carried off, now that its utility ihe ot t i, ns, tha 
, Even bee n , the supply is shown not to be | Dogi me appreciated. 
mexhaustible by nen aaeei of the United States,| Thirdly, that it would appear from the best ae fe, Buse ae a. 
` where not onl the Tobacco fields of Virginia, Carolina, collected upon the subject, that at the present rat Cie rages 
and Maryland ‘om repeated quik become | cons me ee there will not remain in South rrie ii 
| | absolute] pra a but where a less exhausting | 20 or cient guano to freight a ship. ie 
| Kind of crop, such as | or ny pacar sh aye ah regard bones, the other artificial 
to, a l falling off of produce has been observed | of restori fertility to our exha 
$ even within so short an interval as 10 years, ing nations are becoming too sensible of thei 
: Thus, in Recs the number of bushels of Wheat} ance to allow of their exportation, as was the 
grown in six northern s of America is stated on | formerly, y T Great Br i 
: oficial authority at 2,014,113; rog Y in 1850 it had| Germany, for instance, in former days sent over ade i 
: sunk to a 92 bushels, and et whilst ty this country many ates thousand tons of bones; at | may serve byw 
1840 35,207 207, 500 bush a pas je n 1850 no’ t | present he: her farmers, m lig ht the previa it aps 3 m of Or a 
: more than 19,418,100 were obtained from the same tract. | interests, feel the necessity, not only of preserving all Eio tonove a ing € 
The dairy farms of Cheshire supply us with a still they possess, but porting in addition a ane? for the Tat pat KRA the main arguments 
; more seriking Is eaea the same jjriasiple néarer | ahount of ery Pro big, “ be the|* dvanced by Baron Liebig, and cannot justify us in a 
there it is notorious, that- permanent pasture) “Now what,” says Liebig, 
land which had bera wholly set vari tor for cows Fed for | condition of England pecs “the t supply of feb ie * This however is only partially true. In former r days ¢ the 
F _ Sake of the cheese and butter produced, ha gr is exhausted? contents of cesspools, though not systonintically, 
z in the course of time, become aia aa If the present sewage system pursued in our great certain extent applied to the purposes of 
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