ai 
HEL 
T , "8 
Manon 8, 1860. ] THE GARDENERS Bl ah AND AGRICULTURAL See 198 
issioned to teach us | pigs, e likea = bo: 
it the pope th e find there | like ae CUr outang. The cattle pre edt no pa me 
mply coat lite erally © _ pi may 3 penh be, suc x i I d by a oe howe 
s he | and g a 
All the kenoniana which ha e bee E thay ney will iy tap voice ‘the oe predated that 
ape this view, the immediate product of a creative er anima 
uently are out of the domain of science 
of thi d destroy 
mae of Ay oe od crite crite pre 
rt eet dite ulties involved in the determi- 
an: a contenting himself with the 
~ f si able kinds, endeavours to 
gether. 
Whether this view prove ultimately to be true or false, it is, 
at any rate, not at present hg gt by what is commonly 
he starts with any p if it be capable of discussion b s types. He will les 
art of a living S is and hence we cons sider ourselves at gai to pass = ‘haa cout of his t paras that the 
in its life. Has not hi bys and to turn to thos ws which profess to rest on a | the hem ák Gis 
that seemingly useless organ, roe ye Fook, scientific basis tale. ane TTEN admit of being Arina to rA spe vith rm belief, the strength of which yr dE 
o much packing between the other their consequences. And we do this wit: P my less hesitation proportioned z their ignorance of scientific biology, and be 
tset of his studies, he finds that no | as it so parpat that thos RER rsons who are pr: satin ally con- | is the mre markable eas , they are all proud of their skill i 
r ca iven for oe half of the vmt ith the facts of the case (platily. a wonkidéeritile ad- i uch “ species.” 
8 e; he also discovers ru ntage ay ha ave always thought fit to range themselves under the t is found that all these, and the m: 
ch are never used, in the gains of the latter category. evds or races ‘of animals = plknts, have been 
those of the foetal ‘whale e; ins eli! sie ch or majority of these eon neon persons Lae up to he by one method. The breeder. ont ‘ul oF} 
: tal jaws, a sae thers whi h r fly | present time maintained two positions—the that ev a person of much sagacity args mr ed a acqui mined 
j naturally | blind creates ry aH Smak Looe is, within — defined craig ia aa “incapable “of u TRET, sotan slight diffanenee, pO he 
e halt hav Suami ary limbs. So, | modification ; the second, So e cies was originally viduals of his stock. If he wish 
lant eats perfect form produced by a distinct crea ok The second position is | m abr eculia- 
m Gs aride point, how oyar obviously PT pee of pipot or disp, the’ ye Be piper rity in question strongly rked, he selects such male and 
s to pursue. Not only men | of the Creator not being subjects of sı H aust | female individuals as exhibit the desired character, and br 
Sera hyo periwinkkles therefore b, rega: raed asa sy frock the 1 first, t no truth or | fromthem. Their offspring are then carefully examined, and 
ar SR nas pii les aaa Hi exits whi h = a matter of evidence. Most persons | those which exhibit the peculiarity the most distinctly are 
ur of it are overwhelming ; r i 
ction—alway: eding, that is, ell marked forms, 
f | “ J 7, | forn rage ao pure crosses to interfere—a race m 
1 ; Pit ; he parsonage. anes w he ormed, the tendency of which to reproduce itself is exceed- 
isle, smia ing g recite e, an nd eth i x i 3 d, and ingly strong; nor is the limit to the amount of divergence 
‘or a little while | a porota which may T thus produced known, but one thing is certain, 
i ugh, the form of the Two facts pa to have strongly affected the course of | that, if certain breeds of dogs, or of Digest, d i of horses, ar 
for a pid Keno, the fish, thought of this Fotaart shies gag one, b= os sawed wer k only in toned state, no naturali ould hesitate 
repti ie for his | links of affinit y conne all liv g beings with o) er, | regarding them as distinct species, 
last, alti. a com- | and th ai thus the highest TRN p gt multitudinons But in all these cases we have human interference. Witho 
pe st of the four-footed and | steps into the lowest; the ao , that be | the breeder there would be no selection, and without the 
the a nity of pure manhood. | develo; oped in in particular directio: is by € xertin hed in par-| selection no race. Before admitting the possibility of natural 
pecies ing originated in any similar way, it must be proved 
facts | that there is in nature some power whi kes th e 
meow fe s to we fog ' vdre to acce n $ an, and performs a selection suå we mte. It is the a of 
borer ranted ie o, synths nt of the facts, must o i 1 Place an e Mr. Darwin that he professes to hav: eee the e ae sont 
i authority, that 0 oa has ABB ted on incom petence of the he, and i eds w: al ; w needs | and the modus opera: an of this naterh selec rae on 
doctrine of final ca in i i and | will create new desires, and the attempt to gratify such S| it; and, if he be right, the process is rod ingles rome 
y our o eminent i i i ) fi exerted. | comprehensible, cnet irresistibly deducible from very familiar 
an a blacksm: and hii ll deve- | but well nigh forgotten facts 
nace he ye for i has dul y reflected upon all the conse- 
that the principie sE nal „adaptations fi ue: of the marvellous Par be for existence which i s van 
conditions of th Ak bird to with time and an hourly going per riai Not o 
persevers nee, given rise t allo our herons and long-necked mal live at the ex o ofso Eo otter AN oe pla 
but dha vary pia re at w he grou E a 
ckian hypothesis has long since been justly con- | that cannot rise into ai p ai ea seedlings rob one ano 
is the roy: ‘practice re every tyro to | of air, light, and water, the strongest robber winning the dar 
aee his heel a, guint the Ne f the nn ee Bi Š z extin fi ng his p rs. year the id 
ely either wise or r instructi e to trea animals with which man never interferes are, on the average, 
ther more igh men th h ere; wore ~ we 
know that t nual produce of every pair is me to 
re do they seem, on ing fro fro wim substance. x ape a milion young $ ot that it is mathematically carats 
Bu n we fe k If s; have really arisen by the operation of natural con-.| tha t, on the average, as many are killed b ural causes as 
y o of t ditions, a ought to beable to find those conditions now at r, nl p ppen to be 
ade: ae sn are any given kind of animal or plant in such | The individuals of a species are like the crew of a foundered 
s ha £ 
yi 7 
‘puady he we ical r are born oes; year, a i those only escape ‘which haj 
sated t ap utterly opok fae ‘a work ; we on t to be able to discover in nature some power | a little better fitted to resist destruction than those which die 
ike th d 
hing 
a S inal ap ar TE to wou! e shi wimm : £ 
must be naturally peopled by | mitted i mad pi as a distinct species. Lamarck imagined | the aior See ee ee as ee 
nd y that he pet Leng yn this vera causa in the admitted facts 
e to account for the ae of | that some ns may be modified i exercise; and that 
Ped rica when those parts of adica iai Saril produced, are cap: ae of hereditary trans- 
pe is is not a ee were whee Pd does not seem to have occurred to him to uire 
Such being unquestionably the necessary conditions under 
which living creatures exist, ads Darwin discovers in them the 
instrument of na natural selection, § e that in the midst 
like hol 
curious circa tance, in het th tha 
the N Sorthern I Hemispneré are fot on ay aa 
in the Southern Hemisphere as its own 
ie 
s ‘rh ase ich “sin e Lamarck’s tim t all competent natural SHERI 
se the best | left Becis hak on the “origin gE species ec tae drea 
The inhabitants | the iR it the “ Vestiges,” b; intentioned è efforts 
of | the kian theory receiv NA final condemnation in the on os 
Tilia, af AAO thinkers. Notwithstandin ng this silence, wd 
t has been called, h 
the new variety (which we a 
AEE in for argument’s sake, to be the = aday for these: 
-iine pattié MES e Hames fe: difi. established in the world of life must, e could only see it in a ao G eae deviations haly te fee ta 
suppose that; what we see is all that can be | rightly, be consistent with that gren y oier the multiform | a+ once ex, tinguished, or their post than B rr 
shapes of brute matter. But what is the history of astronomy, The tendency of B to pat e e mE its 
But our ae of life is not confined to the existing | of all the branches of physics, of chemistry, ot T nedi icine, but a h muccosaive g enerations, and it will acquire all the cha- 
Whatever their mie differences, geologists are agreed | narration of the steps by which the human mind has ractere of & A aSa: 
kness of the accumulated strata which com- | compelled, often sorely against its will, to recognise es opera- Bat, ik the other hand, if the conditions of life change a 
of our por and the aedi tion of secondary causes in events where ignorance beheld an , however slight, eth may no longer =A e that form 
“As best adapted to withstand their destructive, and 
54 by a 
mic remains, | thousand ies of nal tural oE is it beebe y. is it pos- 
lived and | sible, tbat th they alone, should ale no order in | Place and become a new species ; and thus, 
fermed was their seemin e, and no unity in their seeming multi: | Selection, the species B and O will be successively derived 
ty 
licity, should suffer no explanation by the Vi of 
Sans ia teal and sublime law of mntual connectim? > That this most ingenious hypoth nables us to give a 
n? 
i of this kind have assuredly often arisen, but it | reason for Ca apparent apt carer in the distribution of 
long- before the; Page receiv rea such expression as ih desea in con pm rire and that i 
dis- | would have commanded the respect and attention of Phe scien- by the main phen of and organisation appear to ús 
ed flesh, the “leveioping embryos, 
tific world, m it not been for the pp tion of the work o be unquestionable, a and set far i > must be admitted to have an 
t Its Mr. any o ri 
mense advantage 
tsteps of Pe aes ig ms. Thus vhi ted this article. uthor, 
naturalist ag Bowels o r he e cies as wae inheritor a one celebrated name, ot ‘his spurs in sci quite another mater b 
defined, and e grou of ‘animal istinguis sche od of Mr. Darwi 
than, tae oe upper But, sir agularly | C 
dey og Caha. “epectes bo Ie yin Es 
1 
| 
w live. Nor this un 
oa 
| 
H 
there has 
of living beings, Rote young set | the ʻI 
general sense somewhat more like ae = 
Supposed that this succession had been the tb tention to a mos 
Successive catastrophes, “oh aerate and re-creatior 
i 
Aff 
i 
= 
ž 
] 
T 
modifi 
e asik, at all events, pe Fee 
eree 
oust" having a oe a 
to one ya with a 
to 
the main truths been 
ag species: sna =“ Dae Cai bok D beron y 
roe See Pas Kipi  e 
Persons > assume the form contended for attention pi o ugh the 
They ‘believe 7 the writer of the doen diferent broods and styes of bloated preposterous by __— 
ast Aiae of the 
found no treasure, 
