202 THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZE 
r desired to corroborate Mr. Blu ma in | cut, the general drainage of the country was ber 
TTE, [Maron 3, 1860, 
f: in the Mr. W. Warn ; z 
la teat ss peer By "the earth, which Su re the e] respect to feeding, ee with Mangel Wurzel a: tig | the low water was depressed 7 feet RE its y fitted, m 
or os Upon many Taxed outlying farm chalk hills of | them straw instead o He had t tried the a erimont, an Aua at ie: Had vigation was improved tS io Upper vi 
this and the adjoining counties it is m seh ult to properly i pent cine eded v He now had 15 ie Saba. | ha: oe lew n e cills of the D l in the 
convert all the straw into good manure, but much may be gous n tw s, and he gave them daily 75 lbs. of Mange esa | ae J br enver sluice y let 
b working some ox teams instead of all horses and by rearing ae ae aw: and he believed that this — wi pecans! ig thus enabled : ered 6 feet, which made a ere 
Pa young cattle instead of keeping all piep En oxen being duce more meat than if the bullocks were 9 oe eo eae; Pee fest chang the atin of this Tevel The ma 
fed in boxes with the green produce of gS Sse ian yg the same value in hay ang cake e would p gor | the rea NF eR tó 0001, which Ue ost ot 
i y in in the e sa ve b i 
TE Gaa Ri ogie g SEREA "in suceession ng kep Trifolium, | Mr. W Spooner observed that the only obje aneta | upon the lands drained by the rivers having tha yo 
Clover, Tares Turuips Mangels, &. Upon well- tiled farms | was coma straw was oe! ge harder of bonis rig: ag |° n t into the Ouse. The number of dictes a y 
large flocks of sheep may still be main’ aisle Lares quantities | This was, however, a subject which was well worth, uld be s 250,000, including a portion of the Middl Tate ; 
g bo d “oe r ox by i ab lan | fully debated. One of noe ey uses of straw that cou “* For t b of pag e Level, in 
of straw also wou geor Ex ted was to use it as food in the straw-yard, ae snp a gron aon er Sp ay e North pe 
had been carried out, a y be IRERE Mi | pi , Ae abies within A b; fe w ta 
applied to the soil under me ad: gh of ‘‘muckle jr or other Settled: While straw ~~. ‘en paneer 8 o of the ia 
Mi? that ja the ataw. being spre evenly” aver! , gw Pha sugar, compared with hay, i i aventh, | river. poe first y eni at improving the DOS h 
Me land Spd fap dhioip medo. to ley ope i Parr | defa ee and jo geo it Be ae yand “in this proposed by Kinderley, in 1721; but it w. Ty E> 
s compari ; ; 
DaT nle of pi at's Warley meal cay, aa partie way Would therefore deprive it of its nitrogen, ap 1770 that a cut was made, and tét on nly he ‘ean G 
satisfied if th y do not lose money b; I am quite convinced | applicable as a manure ; by treading gs oe et of | of one-half of what had been suggested, Sandi a 
that the practice does not yield a profit ; indeed the advocates | feeding the animals with it the farmer Rob. D 9 continued to increase in the Wisbech river, = 
admit that it is entirely in consideration of the manure the | OE Trone ties pinh 1t ee a RaT E , ae be mip ee by navigation was totally des troyed a for ine a sips sa 
system is adopted. It should be, however, a matter of calcu- | and a yea ceo esd 85 Ibs. of Rape-cake would f the for nite pring, | su 
whic 
lation how far this method of fattening pigs can be improved, | ealeulation tha 
nd I would hi ave fatt i 
he use of | mat 
s. an 
: f albu 
d ld here observe that I have fatted pigs profitably for | supply a fraction of the same amoun ‘4 Mr. ennie <to report his fee on the f 
years, and have known others do the same, by the ; f| er, witi ratt er more gum are PpS was a s 2e ey Ovi and the of the extensive ited f X 
Mangel Wurzel either pulped and mixed with meal, or cut with y heat Re Row hay; ar e pr Biby aging ‘straw T aod | tes etween the two branches of th ‘ashes 
Gardner’s cutter oa aces ore between the times of sents st 4 in the advantage une AAR: se sits me yin: ‘anches e Nene; à A a 
feeding with meal ; yar . reckon that pork is made ieva KEI instead of hay. tite Opung tias of. dhe the Nor rth Tee vel,’ &e. his report, which was made ti 
20 per cent. cheape than we: ing’ meal only. I would a improved the meat-pro anaing. capa AE ea aod 1814. aie aaa that ha seas Were hoe 
farther obserze and reco af end to you ee eau practice in ype sony, i eat ah sommig be omi pN Re and if manufac- deepene ed and widened, and that a new channel show j 
ina tot the yard or jed Tor m Tea whether it is dry and | tures and commerce flourished they er oe restated made from Kinderley’s Cut to the level of low wate. 4 
fresh or whether it is damp and ed, without first | and th ta conaame be chalky soilsthan it was |in the bay at Crabhole, so as to improve the ong | in 
ie cattle, either for the purpose of afford- uable on the light chalky Oká hò t t d e i 
i to the animals or else for the absorption of | upon the loams and clay. He believed there was more straw | Owing, however, to resse condition of the we 
in thi also contend that straw to be profit- | wasted on the upland than on the low lying a $ Je "a agricultural interest at that time and i befall th 
ably consumed, whether in the ordin: stat in cha ceived a communication from Dometaixe mi ne eng a years, hing was done. Su sequ a geeni 
ixed with roots 5 i viously alluded to, shoul e his paid se =e ald be cut a little be OR pet PRE gested that a bridge should be built, and an Pratas do 
as the substitute or hay, for viete we view hay rop | be chance having a few ee : An ent at ae fi #00 blish th 
in our farming “eg r coneum pion, it is Ainea ipe the Ldvantece of a better quality of s i pea a es à Gi establis h a direct com. th 
the least advantageo grow, being pecu- | early rather than when too ripe. Mr. Spooner. then enteres | munication between the counties of incoln In 
— liable to damage i in bos, Ahr ado on account ofits bulk in | into a series of calculations and in oqötinugkion S eA BY orfolk. All these works were afterwards carri ed ti, on 
cost of transmission, although I do en by these | could be proved that the agriculturists cow trode unde Salles! RA WOE obtaine d in 1827, through th i we 
pea A epee entirely to the G crop. I pr That it | proportion of straw which, if it were merely trodden u hs 5 aa » through the perseye. 
should to a greater extent be ae: is the oan without | the animal, was worth as manure only 5s. riir y on soe | ance of the Nort Commissioners. The mej m 
the risk of converting it into ha; that t Ss go d be using it ag fena food they could make it y ve PRY, waa t turned through the new passage i in June, 1830, ma 
partially disp ee fe the growth, of Fe Peas, &e., or other ect was yaey of their SEE, re pep cction ion. i successful. The oft o M noi 
sale crops, ace the nature of the and this leads * The subjoined peapiopos it; ione moved by Mr. de A i 1 of th N fi Ki a a 
me on to etn a the — of “Bean and Poa. straw or haulm, | seconded by Spooner, were carrie wo Sa new c hanne of the Nene, oe in a a aki 
and I cannot dismiss the subject without slinding to them. | “L That. it ae the leptons of t this mecting t al x a heie; was 200,716 As 
Pea haulm, although I have no analysis dak epee heawpla yotin ane. ee apt a meals toa far greata € mplished, the interna’ bai a raat ba al 
alone been o meer g oe ag, E pa p, meat iy saul or “9 That the fr paren racti ov of keeping straw in large cole state of things. A sluice was constructed to d ab 
decidedly of opinion, in the absence of analysis, j it is com- | hea eaps, strewing it wastefully over open yards, or e store | the waters of the level into vr aye the cill sul 
p irn A worthless ; for although I have noticed some farmers aed in it alone, are ai strongly to be Ene re 5 feet low wer than woul d for y have bee i syo! 
who advocate it as of feeding value, I reci enced “it. to be cut That Rape-cake, with or without a moderate an y qi formed SA | Wa 
into chaff and mixed with other mopherials I do not think they | of Ts ill supply most economically the elements in E EE abs 
are repaid for the attendant expe we = is Ai deficient; apd that Linseed-cake or meai, at a | dee eper r than the? a shire ps and six ting ly 
Saeed ater cost, will with roots and straw supply every- jaits and from Clough’s Cross two new 4 cial 
The third part of our eer ‘cates to the abuse of thie ne uired for the food of fatting animals.” diverged, called the New pe hah! and the abo 
straw, and in treating it I hop e to show in contrast oe ‘ide Th J a Shi thii 
1 ae works y f 
x fficacy was “fully roved. The total sum be a Cas 
often occurs by mismanagemen ebielus z r p let 
I ey it abuse when straw-ricks are er to remain rottin. aR me them was 1 ,0007.; this me fallen Bp 
in the fields, from havin; carelessly put together, pel land, sae are drained being 200,000 a ) a aeres, ! A ; 
often standing g distance from the fi ings, and | On Arterial Drainage Outlets. By Mr. R. B.| money h pent y the fact, t 
mhe ou oe + Fey ng REY. FR sbong be pondo Grant EM e a land Wwhie ~ in 1828 was only worth 57. per am 
than daly ta it aactaliie whee Ge noes e ERA This unpu M ovember | 20 years later brought from 607. to ‘70l.per acre w 
for folding aparposes in adjoining fields. I it abuse before py Institut Engineers, of whieh a “The Middle Level presented the co has 
nap ane 4 vs rried ae nto an extensive fern yard, a I | resumé was given in Ehe Welly 26 port to of PEGN i fie whole of the Fens, The) cent 
without tom noticed fhe age, quantities, yee ratty nee of the fm nee The subject pie rather to the n artery of this a ei he old rive tapi 
vert it into mannre. Itis a common thing to see 20 or ap boo market value of es states tha an to thei r annu ual rental and This ha da bee n allowed to b seless app 
of straw thus treated, with perhaps only two or three cultivation. I was little better as an sae hp drain “the pra 
poe AD toe piga ta the yara to mead ih dowa, ARE AeA quite is the subject ‘of janie here described, but the sur- a Ph in apei were ep. tem Hat ext fict 
way cannot be worth carriage to the field. Straw is abused | face of a whole country side. It is a de fect in a single | In 1800, whe wer 
when sold at a unremunerative price; how often do we see | main outfall that often hinders what may be called the | was consul orted again in 1908, beer 
huge peade of straw drawn a distance of six ht miles and | agricultural drainage of 30 or ae “3 an it z advised Gat. the mak Brink ps ‘old bed fast, 
sold, including all attendant expenses, at 35s. or 36s. per ton? I sa f i orks ‘affectin eas Mii ib plov 
contend that it does not pay to sell straw at pats a price, and | t0 a history of great w at arge tr a prenmmary necessivy, a mor 
that it would be far better to keep extra cattle and convert it | of pp that the, author e: this paper e davies hime fen should be surroun ëa: with Ae iA 
at Hay int o good manure upon the plana} botore alluded to. | self. He says that wing to o the extensive system carried along the foot of the hi 
Using i baw fe She the pepo! ES iching fe ome m bolidinge ie F 1 sen fo or pa rainage, ae o to the field dräi | tercept all the atare that would othi 
here o call the _sitention. a Tanded proprietors ‘and agents to and ditches pong better cleared out than er owing | SEARS > over the Fen 
eA that it is a great 
where large quan- effect o 
this was, that the water was discharged in a shorter 
time, fra more frequent aes s the brooks and.) 
streams were of inadequate si 
‘This may have been the effec sia cleared ditches end 
water-courses, but it is not the een of ordinary land 
drainage. The systematic drainage of land eo 
pt eg wy os pan tot rather an immense sponge as reservoir in which rain 
that Myne sey By et tires to bes se ded bs by pee collects, and from sr 2 it gradually weeps out. Its 
durability and cost of jana i is ee the whole to check floods rather than 
ima‘ 
thatched at wither ¢ over wa slate, . ed to create 
pin eit of ali te materia Ue Í ee An APURO Ot REA NEED | We give ‘the following extract from the paper as 
y whi “ge uaa A only | des of the largest Mi gale ed drainage 
hic exist în this country, and possibly in, the world 
proportion; therefore ut to et sient te, i aided oe. oA 
Sts of aoaia Sort should seat be given, i è ive ST in of oo take of 
or or artificial food of some kind to fe e, ani ay 957 ù 
to prevent actual Now me ~ my | in the Fen AE Semone A cine aang ws th Lev a 
pipes pr am y pia ag to whicb attention was next directed This enormous 
EEr 
es alarmed th 
the want of 
The propri 
ie ho reported in 1842. 
Seannge 8 
tis 
upon these m. ned, you musi 
think with me, that the fa: resp a uld be kept only for the 
rpose ofa tained 
ce to accommoda te cattle and make manure in; that | Wash—for many yea rs the sole characteristic of the 
of the com for Pens into which the rivers Witham, Welland, ein 
Nene, and Ouse were sa a ‘ee ed. ie Pes > 
vers 
Di l their r tate, and ‘the means wich ha been adopted 
to reclaim and 
ee 
made pek ght 
determined, in 1 a to oo 
e | Walker’s 
Zai Brink Cut, ohare th the mie Se Pa BA 
rm, on the ip eee side of Ayia: 
was m: 
n| «The Bedford Level was divided into three parts, 
Pcs GAS vely the South, the a and the } North 
Level. 
en ihe 
mount had been done in the spring = 
be sep: 
‘that the present rivers an 
a n dra 
nd a weer a oe 
ted cos million sterling, 
e lai tm that, ‘aig damage tot 
1807, 
some such works, this d 
paUmegeere ser ees ze es & 
bay, te Sine ig ihe pa Denver sluice, which was carried away in 1713, 
o properties fore åt is thuroughly “Pe, |in damming up the waters of the Bedford river, was 
ntrated ys e should ped) won Thi ice 
per ton, but it must. be rı 
Haay A ired ¢ 
the bottom ad 
t at its junction ‘ath We 
above Well C 3 
heen low water in the Ouse 
as decided to deepen nearly all the m 
the Middle Level, from 4 
increase the bottom widths from 1 12 
enabled the w: 
6 feet. e 
f | was determined to dee) 
Each Step 
She pct ot ex- 21 years that the works were co ap and it was 
E | only in 1821 that they were o pease 
"4 
ae FET A ES en EE ee ae a 
that had b Sagt 
nage, since 1842, had been 
