i 
368 THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. (Arrir 21, 1860, 
animals kept in close contact with diseased ones, | tainly ag strange that such a mode of treatment | surface. It wil bate thus appear that both surf: 
one-third o or ore escape. It generally 1 makes its app ear- | shou ald ha e been resorte to, i. e. to introduce so | soil, the form ace and sub. 
a disease into the system of a ealthy | unde “eae $ A ; : l changes, in co 
bourhood t the same time, and this I | animal, which Pe possibly escape the disease | of whic mineral food for jh ies 
in the She sete to some atmospheric ages: | altogether; for I thin nk it will bear no set e | \ oo gba and thg the ae tae acquired, in a Vig et 
in 
; fk 
nt than the lati T, 
i ink | from T aioe bare I absorb rbing 
I d kind of disease was in the first instance tiina |am mmonia p may oo 
ech opm the price of animal food, and ey dal aed into the system from the cow with adm mir rable | | found the subsoils on as ; Smith’s farm o cm nya 
y when you are informed a on an area of | effect for the purpose of arresting that dreadful disease | from any stagnant i 
TA te three saure miles within a short distance of | the small-pox. Formerly, the small-pox itself (until| The A krediten T the soil and subsoils lee 
Chester, upwards of 120 ap or ave fallen a sacri- | the discovery of vaccination by Dr. Jenner) was intro- | ston Farm fairly represent the chemical constity col. 
Hee to the yr sease in the sl of about eight | duced into the system of human subjects by inocula- |a great many heavy and light soils in 
nths; ee tion, and frequently lamentable pa Sasa rth | their nog tet re clay pals are m 
t t tell a T tale upon | which I fear would be the case if inoculation was and unproductive; bu nevert leless th 
or even, $ fem xa mont i ie mn must te Pp reoriad to in a Digan.” Ana now the again | | exbanstible sto ores of mi nera! ral riches, required for i 
I think thata searching investigation should be com- presents pond anything g be aon i hey moreover e 
menced at once, f “ Pleuro-pneumo' reyin | when p operly pulverise ed, in an eminent des 
iner: 
y, ti | 
indivi f valuable intr shal | po 
by any private individu: uals, or even pu blic body less | does, Te Ja some thousands o 
than the Government itself, or under. its direction and | other worth the experi- | | {the oa He Bam atmospheric ga 
support. uld require the greatest amount of and if successful, the | are furnished in almost unlimi tedi extent tot 
talent ay experience that could be bro ught to Fbear | publie onid ‘be well paid ‘for any pecuniary reat - z] w To talk of ultimate exhausti tion of pap 
e must ye 
nsi think proper to advance in e 
sg Poin l eatery CO ut men nrg talent, | undertaking ; and if, on the ai, it should o by | some perisae persons wi three to ihe ates 
eminence, and, integrity ie devote so muc scl of tł 1, the oii will, I ihin k, be satisfied that i exhaustion of our English’ coal fields, However, there 
valuable time ould be. required su eek am | everything that can be done been done, and that | pe oe goo obstacle w which prevents the’ pa try A 
of cattle would Save be | w ust in future ead to an AIL Wise Creator ae that | ‘the growing year after year splendid crops of corn 
visited in different parts of the kingdom, marie |e mfo rt and mre under the infliction which He aol with scarcely any manure. This obs 
would have to be purchased from infected stocks, | alone is abi to g Hn the difficulty of efficiently and economi 
Hee aint y man 
4. ks, some É z ce 
for the purpose of be ng slaughtered for e Ae ar E A laies h un irak lants, but in their natural state but little o 
others for E apaa a upon. t illustrations | [The following i = Dr. Voelck Be report on L ie clay soil cf this food is available to plants. By deep cultivation, exposur 
of ie eb la the sas AA jadne in the| farm, € Sth, of Wo al ks aS omer “oan y Mr. o frost in ridges, Pain the san k K 
of the different vessels, as well as the exterior, would | COMPOSITION OF SURF ate ed No.8, | the ameliorating influence of the atmosphere without 
i in “(a.) Mechanical PEA bri nging it the surface, m by accumulating the fine 
Surf face Soil. _ Subsoil, | soil as near as possible in the top layers of the land, not 
ased 
pe cattle from Moisture 3.68 only much of the unavailable mineral food in the sil is 
districts where the disease had never appeared, would Organic mater An and water of PN rendered fit to be taken up by the growing plant, but 
ices of some of time eaii n S5 eoe leaa aor S eE E land thus treated also acquires the marvellous property 
be Clay. SURO Rw ain Thad ee eae De S, ARO of holding better moisture and of absorbing more 
kio o rvious si 
arrest in its progress the much-to-be-dreaded scourge, | Tt will be seen that there is vey ite tle sand in| Weather, dries up into hard masses in continued 
“Pleuro-pneumonia ” in cattle ? ow is this to be either surface or subsoil, and. that i > preponderating weather. On the other hand, land with an open sil- 
ished? N wa Pare te by Tut the-suwthes anil thera i soil freely allows the excess of water to percolate 
pablio ta grainy nor by the Royal Agricultural Society | 69 per cent. of clay, in the stiffer sabi no less than | ®t0 a stratum not reached by the roots of plants, 
y: the ene of the ttl "6 pon cae. Of cla ay. admitting at the same time abi of air into the land, 
who might eal in the aid of. the eer Some Me assist «t Œ). Chemical Analysis. In dry weather the well pulverised surface does. not bake 
y in arranging carrying the beers Jaa eae into hard masses, thereby preventing all capillary attrac- 
i m the contrary, it i 
c 
Moisture 
*Organic matter and water: of com- 
act s ead is, that Gece 
pgs the bearer of the public purse, should offer 
three prizes for the best essays on the “ Pleuro- 
pneumonia” in cattle, viz., one í of two thousand pounds, 
f +k 
re " 
Oxides of iron and alumina ` mee as re 12°88 ture from the lower strata. Thus it happens thata 
Phosphoric Pesia R is ei ih “gt | well pulv: clay soil is comparativel a 
oe G .. .. 20. .. 14: | badly. -managed clay Fp yo dry to al : 
Mageio ss), 08 sae | trmake any progress., N Now these great tul tegeieal 
of .. .. .. .. ht at 
ydrochloric acid, 
Soluble in dilute 
under certain conditions and regulations—and. I fully 
» believe that the Royal Aeripalinral Society R 
render all the assistance in its pow er to further the 
objects of the inquiry. To show the view Government 
took of a disease eens a tle, “ag the Malignant | 
kriit al at the 'y 1745, I gene rs 
from 
———_— 
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ro 
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Si 
ti ivation, which I feel ‘confident will, ere many years 
ve passed, produce a complete re voia in the pre- 
sen 
Hydro- 
chloric acid. H: 
—_—— 
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to 
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oe 
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pins, h i 
hie work upon 100.00 . = h 
and theii After pking of its devastation i in | te ontainin, anes - a ii the soil. In my opini Mir. ya a of "ela 
the n hour hood of London, and some of the midland > rom his dec 
i E ae Ea pa preceding Santen’ exh init seve eral” pal ints of 
maor moro than malt yen i continued tola TA the, country. Ea trea 5 gone I pehea ia po S In the R w fr 
num at were y destroye ol ana otice he proportions oi organic $ f corn 
pet 2 ie age d not, be ascertained; but in the third | matter and depdi te nei much greater in the | roots į ont = hoth Peai ] 
acco) 
ber. i, es pari 
year of the plague, they were destroyed at the rate of 7000 per | portion is capable of yieldin r cent. of ammonia; | + 38h I Fee 
month, until from the mum aaraa mor whereas th i 
this portion of preventive regulations: was suspen: n * s k 
the 1747 per cent. of this important fertilising material. - The i 
mi Eriol eset de G AGA T E| greater part of the sizgen mo doubt aisa it thes | eg Management of clay lands that it ie wa 
a K sets 10, 
Surely, after such an — iy 6 Government up-|is due to the action of the atmosphere on the weil | Putting up the land into ridges before the oe yt 
i a century ago, our an t cannot | Paired surface land. In other words, steam on mes canta Lengo po nae at heavy 
ofa f : * any 
sand in rrari agar] from the atmosphere ; will yield. abundant crops with , scarcely. 
cure of a disease, not so bag epg hte yp mand | effected which present improvement has thor been | ma matin, -when due care is bestowed uj upon the n i 
as the murrain, n its to a fearful er of al ammonia is mainly due to the | nical preparation of the land. ; 
as we have in : 
affecting the whole community. It appears that an stible ‘ a. a 
land is not the only place whére the disease exists at | PEO which “admits -air into the s WATER MEADOWS. > e 
ve wW nce m raisi escribed, 
m a don paper of the 10th inst; :—“ | cacdiualteenshs Sof the land. 3. It wil te observed | cme es eE 
cation was received by the = Agiivultural: Society that the total quantity of potash p n the | = Agricul altura! Jo Journal. pind ] i 
at its last meeting, from the Central Society of| surface soil is n aar the same as that Satani M the}. IN N commencing th ion of a water pore 
Agriculture in Belgium, ot esting information kikboil s but there is tbis rem iip aero Ee a that | a carriage gutter i is ent ae rele ie line of the i a 
on ‘ Pleuro-pneumonia,’ and the means adop ted whilst the surface ue tains by far the part of — Aes for the purpose - ee 
to combat the disease, having particular g of combination, in which i it i is s readily the water from he brook, or other source from wa? 
to inoculation. A reply was ordered to — ade het soluble in dilute acid, ae subsoil contains much less | may eir ei in order to the smaller oF 
inoculation] was not found in this country to rest on soluble potash and a a ing gu i it mam ’ 
any scientific basis, and as such it’ has not received the | | siii a eatin than ct surface soil. em This main gutter need not be laid out by the to 
sanction or support of the Society.” In this country no this, that contact with air, induced ne efficient | A rapid inclination should be given to it, water 
statistics of the number of cases of “ Plenro-pne edinoule® tation of the soil, has had the effect of decompos- | the nature of the ground, and the q A mrs a 
have been kept, and consequently netigi is — = the | ing a large proportion of thè insoluble silicates, and | which can be made available. can be need be 
of those inoculation. - Some e ago ioni ering the important alkali potash soluble. At the fall of 2 inches in a chain is convenient, — wiath of 
made upon by ir a less rap ë purpose 
5 Poe nan and I 1 of solubl Ş the main carriage guti should be about 5 ensions 
had been tolerably successful | to indiecte, th bsoil has t d the depth from € inches to 1 foot 
have been kept in comparative | extent to thie pimi kra influence of the arataa t, however, inssome measure be a 
š and it cer-| although it has not been turned up and brought to the qinaitity of water to be conveyed along it; 
