THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTU wi GAZETTE. 439 
the i m the nage he outlay being so low, I pi cen show you 
age walls IL 34 bushels per acre ; in 1855, the yield was | always inflicted by lodging aam ew. For SBi over tate | | fro m the poor yields obtaine: 
we as in 1856, 37 bushels; in 1857, 36 bu: shels ; in 1858, | crops sown on the ordinary sales come up a mass of flaccid | Taking Wheat at 40s. per peior ig a yield of 21 bushels just 
Simi 40 bushels; and in 1859, the last harvest gave | stems, too weak at bottom to spring up against the weight of | meets the expenses ; and all above this quantity is surplus for 
The gen average for the 13 years is 354 bushels | rains and violent } mga eee stalks of a Lois-Weedon crop are | profit and ete of bo clear 
r alo’ 
May 12, 1860. ] 
ah tho har vast of 188 ERIS 
= the arst eight years, beginning with the harvest of 1847, | strengthening the straw and sa ing ¢ the grain f 
38 lity of rain good t Mr. Smit 
i per rey made the highest Red Wheat price of his market ; | grow plump vy ght. The details of manage- | course, if you “tiie iago yor the old standard market of 56s. 
this fact is thus counted for:—The stra ws stout | ment are abundantly simple. After harvest, fork out Couch | quarter, the profit may laced 8, per ; and 
f ao fe, owing pond of air and sand ja fro st before from PY: rae mah ai oe es. aae e fad >z | oa by. ve Loney a — ign K ton of peed sin pow 
i stem; an just. fallow intervals, to keep down the weeds. Shortly before seed- | add about another pound, an so bring up the gain 
f k a ay “th peat “ai i htly eart ith t ime again scarif, aa harrow ; prepare a suitable mould by | ease to no less than five guineas an acr ‘ Some people may 
A mould-board, A good + of the straw vor last yeas arrowing, taking to set the harrows widely apart, in order | say that 2l. or 3l. per acre clear profit is no such great 
t pries vpwards of ô feet high, yet none of it laid ; though all | to miss the sta bilet adini The anA 3 maono as follows :— | thing for a Wheat crop, even though the price be d at 40s, 
op bulky crops in the neighbourhood (fed by gugpo or other- The drill is arranged with four coulte o toward each end | But remember pa this profit is obtained every year, or at 
oil were either ol partially ope! he Mh and | of the coulter-bar, with the distances piste mentioned ; and | least for a nu mber of years i Apapa od the same n 
imaged by the rains. T verage amount of straw has been | the horses walk along the middle of the interval. Going in n | ooo the large KR ppd left by a Wheat crop in comi 
Tey 14 ton Eoy acre; and m ust be reckoned as “part of the | far ing is not clear, but has to defray the previous outlay for 
| realised produc: because it is Snover T retured to the land. At 10 49 10 ing and the loss by certain crops which cost more to 
ill be 
40s, per quarter th return w: 
Wheat on th 
göy bushelsat 5s. o = ap 17 6+ 1Lton of straw. But to shor ow the ae of kaa 
Deduct outlay .- -- 710 0 Lois-Weedon system, I will tes „an illustrative case. 
Lam quite agen from te 
Clear profit per acre ..£1 76 6 + 14 ton of straw. : h f 
! H ourse, 
, Smith’s straw is worth 2. per ton to him; and conse- i that on any proper Wheat soil ‘tl at is, of © 
l roa his net proceeds must, be 4l, 7s. 6d. an acre at the k i oning A a fair propprtit of clay in its composition) a at 
| t low pieni apn a hie was at 56s. per ars his b ni feast t ood Wheat crops in succession may be 
in was not less than 7l. 18s. 6d. per acre. But if you 
choose to put the straw at 10s. a ton, the profit (with Wheat at by thet yatei described. 
is l. 2s. 6d, an acre.» The question now arises, what &é 
| og ee condition of the land, after this flogging course idiei. LO Maoh M pow oun sy apathy of 
of crop] Wheat after Wheat 13 years in succession? 10 40 0i. such a moderate cropping of land in fair order. 
Well, i, the fe proof is in the produce ; the average of the first eight bear in mind that ese two successive crops, ES fre ret 
was fully 34 Weislieks, but the average of the succeeding be—say after en: ing Oats, Clover, Vetches, or Saas 
years y 88 bushels—that is, the land yields a le the second will be sown upon the fallowed intervals of the 
| ee hea oF aia than Ac ( me ee er eare Aier h ita Fia. 2. |f PEDA so that Wheat will nay lets iis Wheat exactly upon 
G con at the ninth y experi f ini S bein < 
Tent) to ineintntn ie average yield of 34 bushels. [A letter the direction of the arrow (a) Fig, 2, the outside coulter has letati earn A vield of as mais n= a quake pe: 
. Mr. Smith, to which allusion will be hereafter made, its seed shut off, and pit Y onty ae a “marker”; in returning < Fier h Sat jr 
A in the direction of the arrow (b), this coulter runs again in the | acre poan e „obtaine rom each crop; but say 4q 
E ti ; Haloti ide c alter is And if Mr. Smith’s lig ht-land piece, tilled 13 inches deep, has 
same track, depositing seed ; while the other outside co b h akak ‘ly i 
there some peculiar and marvellous pr roperty, | use ax suxoeriicn, So’ 3i pe p r Cae that iy ining si pi MOTA tne eropa of BA b Faras 4 a C ; ea ro bis 
the cli nd light lands of Mr. Smith’s | same drill-wheel that would sow 6 pecks an acre, if the rows | > crop: 
en, toth a e clays a r > vp R, ey been 10 inches apart all over the ground, instead of averag- 32 vee each. ew ato Boo a ‘ares arab! Ab eon = 
neighbourhood, giving a miraculous degree of fecundity | ing 9 as they do. And be sure to get the Wheat in |: Onia three-course rotation the’ o Wag, would, be aer 
that cannot be expected elsewhere? No. There are sa Duenas GF iraibe e effects of the atter- | 2 novelty), hp rg sige y the followi fy . Fig. s :— 
many examples of successive Wheat-g g, by means age. When the Wheat is well up, e a plough (with two Let 200 acres, A and B, be in Wheat; 100 acres, C, in other 
y P A A <7 jy Dy 0 corn or tot pping. Next year, have B and Cin Wheat, 
i y horses i in length) once along each interval, the coulter runnin, 
of intercultural tillage, which shows its practicability on | ~ Stnin ¢ inches of the Wheat on the near side, and the’furrow- and A pe jjo produce,’ The year after that, C and A in 
sils of very diverse qualities, though my space forbids | slice covering up the old stubble, The furrow may be 5 inches Maaka d Bin A 5 Nady A et Sos is, each oa —_ 
any description of the methods loyed. nd at the a fea od take s an > ais d ae ee the Bien = beat ear Pies page Soke 7 Ba Be year 
same time,.it must be owned R many persons have | the other si e interval; and a su ee third year, 
tried and failed ; though I believe, cases, either eer 
from: recap ocr * — ~ = principe of ETE aE 
o inattention to ess he management. 
: larke here quot 
Mr. Burnett’s lees a Subetimte for amt E 
3. I now come to the relation of own experi- 
. My piece is just 10 acres in extent, low-lying, 
flat, and eee wet; but Rennit of exċessi “ill 
o a few Thorn i re a soil is an Fic. 3. 
vial oan rather too clayey to ha rhe ‘ood ; wn between the stubble-stripes of th 
character ; in fact, ng field has always been of the os taken me Lalong ‘tke opposite side oft of the aa tee A hon pA A te nd 4 thon brated p for the various ero; peed 
lowest and peat O efarm. The subsoil is Sriilincaee |B. In March or April hand-hoe the Wheat-rows. In ‘April, The assumed yield of 32 Boshels would gi 
t) 10: 
| already coe and Wheat at dn nen 
fora a and at 7 considerable depth upon silt, or when the upturne oim 
of Wheat would thus bi ka= Ain ob ge * soa, ineo 
toned ea! 
TPE the 
Ti 
iets © tidal s r them down b pipit a narrow arity ne yes in’ sid aT 
oe 
inches aides idii te W: 
nicest to go 
This stage of the e p eg is represented at C. Horse- 
i me the fallow intervals at least twice during = of a good profi 
mer; and hand-weed ar eat when requisite. Whe’ nee ih then, 
the | ears ive fully out and in Lge it a doub. e-mouldbeard above all expenses, on 
i or ridge-plough up the intervals, so to partially m ws at 40s. 
: Wheat on each : this will phate diy thts ct may be diffi 
ae The being blown down by winds or borne down by heavy $ ; the 
0 qua ters, or 24 | subsoil-plough should break up the bottom ofthe furrow left horse-wor! 
hird white siram, gop on | open in the aera -aH this being crops require their 
in the engravi t D. The crop may be mown or bagged m trenc! 
and | close to the ee Bh ma bear in mind not to obliterate the | not 
ned nes pi Ba pi by h arrowing or otherwise, because these -other 
ext 3 
again into the mid the 
invetvala, 63 a eg ‘pony plough.” You will observe that the 
calf ent Eor s of A, Pind D lie open to the weather for 
ks; and, by the end of the year the whole interval 
xposed ive to a depth of 10 
an 
it 
pa 
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43 
$ 
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a 
two or three years pine on he crop, but are becoming me eve’ ~ spa S 
eaa mno f our t system according to the experience at Woolston, my non-inversion | triple-row Wheat, seeing that more than 40 bushels per 
make Bis by; andnow se os to oa B e- | husbandry 1 Figen gira ron ne allout. In fact, after | may stand and ripen on the land (as at Tois'Woeden); aiid 
ration of the mode ture, and its expenses and profit. The bearing six rn crops in succession, the piece so so on -provided gh = not overdo the crop in luxuriance, guano 
from filth ‘int T shoul A it huve to plough, harro! ind | nitrate wil y handsomely for their use here as well as in 
maali if I c ee pi other so = ane crop after car proiit i sg A 
y whes to expens cannot tell, except- 
ing seta a gine by ass panen some debatable items for TOTE e the en referred to the theory, rg pya ak. 
granted, what a Wheat crop costs in ordinary farming ; but Saraan of the rand ect, ye wet discussion of whic 
as in this patna Iuse no manure and graze no stock, I | however, we have not eek. He coneluded 
ale have simply to kon the outlay for a fe operations. ows :— 
uring the ex’ isao wages have ral go rom 10s. up to i 
12s. per be i ith a AAS 1 for har and I allow | Science, then, corroborates the expectation of the practical 
2s. 6d. Sais and implement which 8 soani be experimenter that Wheat may be grown year after year, for a 
enough, ter I ‘that it sea valent to 37l. 205, for 3 considerable period of tim: hoat a ae 
days in the At th peepee Se 2008 mae ane of the soil. 
Ta “has been llows Ee 
several ete seen : 
ani et Se als. we Sr EE ag 
ia — carting a oe oe oe ae o 2 ° i 
eee tS i AAS 
. —Plou Vogt su RPS a a 
a Plough and subsoiling, SS 37 
March clods off Wheat z 5 ae 
il —H: Hand-hoeing the Wheat ts p35 8. Dre 
'» —Harrowing and scuffling the intervals .. 0 1 4 
rows, May —Hand-weeding the Wheat .. es das SR d to 
= ei a œ a) Fig oy —Horse-hoeing the intervals .. ae . 0 010 a 
dale mg a oe 40 hres! June —Horse-hoeing the intervals second time .. : l : years large farm North have 
s crop is of is o! sense mre i char ‘ling. og E aai E a Bey: E a a kaii P'up to Baya (sth M May), bat this year 
argy, bble tripes upon z Z Hand-weeding Wh ae = .. 0 0 4 | the general st ock of Turni up a month ago, 
taken fi ges So Regen ees and venting Ver TARE tae z x nd this too a feeding F ar the ngly 
the ame pae os d. hreshing and marketing «o «+ =+ 0 all through the winter. Much corn nd more than the 
of “Wheat & Wheat” £219 2 | usual quantity of cake has sven S pied pen and 
of “dead fallow and Wheat.” his must be added, for rent 30s., tithe 8s., rates to the severe t 
p fata lh are and the ad- Mand direct taxes, say 1s.; making together .- 2 5 0 ash much of the s ——— 
the increase of the crop, at Same time |'So that the total expense per sereis n. = -45 4 Hay and other fodder has een completely eaten up 
