May 19, 1860.] THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE AND ett li haben A 463 
total amount yielded by this enormous ane came to o | ac advantage ee be eS his necessities. ga 
10,573,800/. ; so that instead of ti come from ee diloris woul 
janded property of France being, a M. CASABIAN 
asserted, 105,750,000/., it mr hardly on J his on faith and apa scams Alas! the writer of 
80,000,000 k er which is in our opinion mu this a ae — speak feelingly. upon He meg for word more on next Tuesday’ s general 
nearer the ie hs is pre muchhis ow bject 4 
Calculating from the authentic returns of tbe} deseribibg, and if this true and unex: ma sin d pan meeting of ‘the Royal Agricultural Society. Tt is 
annual cain roe landed property, it would appear n En a ‘would have to h 
an acreage equal to the whole surface is bought and | encounter i in France ean. spare A oar rs preser i 
sold.every 30 years. PT aei egn sappan”: | Council meeting should be preoti aprenen 
The s 
4 le of limited liability 
ae 
obat xed as o 
excessive Erim! Jaida biter ane oper. This at To ab pi above alluded to must be added | it may, the object of those who elect the Council 
yields to the = ene - sorte aer about 2,000,000/. ster- | the diffi achinery, | 20 doubt is to ah ie the proportion which each 
ling every ye s levied wy i value o all and | suitable _ implements. An 8-horse por table steam- | believes to be the 
nan ances par varies a floti 1% to 11 per cent. of the in — —_ cape alone at | But there is a es difficulty urged by 
gros value. But a o deduction is allowed for any | least 807. The exper common four-horse | those who have longest had the management of 
1 ty the estate, this duty reaches | gear threshing machine ‘would. ‘be fully 201. 5 3a ‘reapi ng the Society’s affairs, which well deserves ‘attention. 
in Samay 1p Pto a much “higher per ce piar ka machine which in t They say, “ Doubtless it is eiio that prac actical 
i aat Nene its of the value As mortgage and the had i in hie for less than Sol and EPE? to ave a certain proportionate voice 
cent. So i gene: erally happens that every n w- pro single manu ufac rare. of “superphosphate; on sio, in our decisi sions; but Aiek bn retin eee 
prietor is obliged to borrow money or sell a portion of owe to the ih gas n laws, arly 40s. more per am mies anne h ee n Pots 
his inheritance to pay the probate duty. ton than in England attend. Perhaps, of the 50 leisurely gentle- 
In England we complain of the malt tax; but in Then comes the question of market. France, men interested in agriculture w 
France- there exists also a heavy tax upon all| especially in the central districts, has no large centres the Council list, 20 per cent. may attend 
manner of beverages, and as cider, wines, beer, and | of won the towns are small and scanty, their | the ordinary me tings; while, of the two dozen 
s 
i 
» head of ul ibility | bu men who are ers not 10 per * 
produce, this tax may be a as another burden | of li fe- e-giving expenditure; generally the population | ordinarily attend.” And this consideration, it is 
upon the land—it yields age ally to the French Ex- are solely and exclusively bent upon saving their money, | urged, leads inevitably to the conclusion that the 
See aA more than 4,000, cheat and eschew ie ee ce or Bn h that wens ee w pa should consist, if anything, more rage 
The nic ipa al tax, called octroi is another imp etched penury. en than it t do oes at re oe of membe ers w. who 
1 saei re A 
upon ‘all articles of food, drink, fuel, _&e., consumed ings T repair aat” the season to ‘the gay ipl af | engagemen rta! 
within the precincts of the borou ghs: France, 
annually to pes ly 4,000,0002. sterlin: e taxes be whilst they live in their château. So there is i eine not oo ‘ia nto, sit that such t contain 
and pee aaa nnded propery ae as ran every | no great loc al market for the agrieulturist. pei mus st very revers 4. T ct oes z hi 
year may b mòla e course | Stated naturally lea hat, owing tot his varying 
Interest on ae ai mort es, &o. - £16, 500,000 everything depends upon his proxim aoe ate marts, | facility of egg the 
Property-tax ad 10,573,800 reat state of the roads that lead rinas Railways | classes within the Council actually present at an 
Bendel date 2 sles ” 2,000,000 a being constructed in France, it i s true, but as yet | cranny meting are not in the same proportion to 
Exes rae ‘wines, ‘ier ‘beer spirits, Sjef the centre of France is scantily rovided with railway | each other as the numbers of those classes on the 
&e. Y 4,000,000 accommodation; the lines that exist are generally main | list, i is plain; buti in order to the attainment of. any 
Octroi os o Rood 4,000,000 arteries, going right through without any of th 
i et acecies area Sn Saas ! branch and feeding lines that bring emt cre the nu le class upon the list must 
in France .. is 073,800 me nearly to the door of every farm n this | he versa note iminished, in proportion to the 
The above sen be regarded as peculiar to i difficulty or rarity of their attendance. It is 
ande alone; but besides these E agricul à i che seit Mom es sone | obvious that if the attendance of 20 per cent. of a 
PAE landed proprietor has to bear his due propor- = is ive rehase and ¢ reed imp rotanent” of “AYE pae s who do actually attend on the average wi 
tion of all the other taxes laid iar individ Ie oF Anh n at the mercy of the | one-half the tng, of the others be desirable, 
moyeable goods or yia, rsonal property, such o | Freno oda: . What wou iy k there bi o be 40 per cent. of that class on 
Le toa ei aad tax nag aged gt his ok the pulsory s sale p he list of m 
rental of dwelling houses, door and window tax, local - S 
taxes of every kind, for the repair of highways and |- Ss miost advantageous field Pro onse m therefor ak gpa sd or ye — 
other expenses of &e. Indeed, at ey 
ins io say that 1 charges or 
ses, bed can exist no ph doubt, but it equally | division of the "Co ancl does, in effect, really cut 
oded. p roperty ee ge ae consider red, certain that nothing could be more ill- advised than | the ver beneath their feet. It may 
nearly 60 per cent. of the rental has to be paid directly for dat bor eh to eres there REE Pe on | the a 
or indirectly 3 the seas the local administration, and oe ses ae ae e only way it done ' th seldom ; but this 
the eh olders > of mor rtga ges Arid inty of advantageous results wou Id be by m sh boule be authorised 
of an association on the principle of ANEY we tponis habit, ¿may be enabled: PR RSD 
e E ec ih et t s} then, that at the geri meeting 
apin faha ae in Prete periny on the improve- | A of et us hope, y 
ent of lands, is the u ainty of on or The | the poh hd n cae oo t Of | of the eigen oe ar a ah next, the begin d 
a 
hi d be 
: > vided Ee itty POWER: andi iepoetantt K to te. diy inde- | be onging more ape Ah to “the agricul clase 
a y among the rightful heirs, and if any of these eines Ge focal labour, the evils of isolation could be | than those who then re 
Ps a ET praee f ially sold, we is | remedied by the settlement of a staff of Englis ee Se a 
3 JO of a coutt of law labourers and servants, and the Pl ae of in-| THE LATE DISCUSSION BEFORE THE LONDON 
pom Se mee ce of this per pue m ka r; no one dare | | heritance would en apply. We . ied FARMERS’ CLUB. 
is money upon an estate whig: any oe acquainted with sev ral localities Witece polish in erg Club 
henle be a eae to the hammer and pass into strang [dey ee capital weal be _amost pro ofitably employed, > Erk Da ps -a Bd sl reniy, ba ai en 
f est the of a 
o his children a father maw: apply he ati 
to the Lah cent of his estate the frui a There oe ok s a eBid companies v whose fielq | the speakers, may I insertion few 
s n expendi of action lies be Australia, there = lai me for The that the Lois-Weed 
f £ t ies; shou 
D rA toe instanoe an Englishman a ‘some - es France? The proximity of that method, with ome digging, oat not be ao 
buy an estate in France, of say hich | beautiful country to own shores, its highly ie ey get I think so haat therefore 
— cesta o cost him — a favourable” locality avvure _climate, the “aneaplored ale of Bea pre oat my uired athe iia r ieacahons. Yai 
s regards a vérńmi the iiias u 
segues sion + 80000. 3 } “hs would have to ce les of her agriculture and thes een Trik upon | ree with hag that a rage maa ed E 0 i 
‘pay as tra = dies pi expens early another whic 5 eearly prospect o | Weedon, the intereultura $ ti eter etween stripes o! 
t ; the of that arate the cleansing e iminution in he riff on seater wad €6 tthe “profit, wile enabling the ‘system to be 
im tude. 
° 
sidering the tot the a tho| M, Gree enop on one Bel vas ith Mi Tn E 
buildings, and the extreme foulness of the lenat |” egle ected and petir virgin soil of Central France. as I state aire m the particu Mgt w 5 E that ge sae - 
nee. This 
man obligin \y supplied’ me. 
would entail the ee iiam out ow a of t Tha t of that on ERAR o favourably that iia taal g ve rop À ad not a. trashed, bat, ; boa 
z an at | 
eapital of 20,0007. i iatel i t | dioponed Sowanie agrign earel peinga Tase fis ee ahati i inia of “nett 
estate of seis ei ee Successful; for instance, some | pe 22, instead of 37. per acre, at 
~ ‘offer any serious difficul és th 8 |} Mr. Green, like tl 
woul ere ane te spptiod | (ho difienties which the monster RED: 
hen begin. feature of 
ties of an E vanes around it, only 16007. have actually been so 
The tax-gatherer a oon lia a ig | appli it is anencouraging a eel 
ji tho aa y Would show their | We recommend, that ag es vonid lioin th way ofin- | ably, 
i g peasan | 
ing the Englishman’s life would assume a roy vestment of English capital for the PEA of 
every detail of his daily pursuits would show him Should any further e lucidation of t i i ily 
land as y man man cou 
; : s; eom SST an pag Oe the writer of this ses y | field tob fine Wheat 
cee ea in naan Aa A a a informatie tad bore © itin Nie sbiy rie rie the Tighter soil e Se aiialong 
eiv in the meshes of a vast instinctive rather paer jo at the disposa). of Howe ane a soil with a fair proportion of clay in 
high meee a ss a labourers would exact | to make sin ee aT ficiently bv ious from ion, and free from positively noxious ¢on- 
iral o work; their labour i dapted for Wheat 
would be as wilfully « iy oninteligent as as it would be inactive < said, and may be exp expressed inthe kib port sats is well a seme aoc ste 
and inefficient, and in essure every possible | Westrongly deprecateany vidual attempt at farming 
