e the eee? Weedon fallow, and only 6 
Ta eing t 
be ya 
[Mar 26, 1860. 
= GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
©) and plants. Hamlets and isol: ited chalets, surrounded 
Hamlets and 
he cose cultivated vegetable gardens, occasio onally 
hewįng of steps in the sides of the roc > rocks, and the 
the 
an acre of Wheat. I a aah ae VR rs bui ilding 0 of new and keeping in repair of the olg 
that one “da E; s well timed frost ; Pee months s might) e, and cattle stalls scattered | i er ts, For this las > purpose the timber must often 
TRE Dacre meencut Ce ICES of òortecnug My owa ee aon ly aa carried on men ’s sl oulders a distance of m any mile 
two bi 1 much, and the Sear SRG e Farmer’s called the Tannen-teg sti vm 
estimate of three-and-twenty too li ed the A 
“Here, n, isa crop of Wheat: yielding from its 60 rows ai S000 feet higher up ey Si of the mountain. This is p Two try SconaT 5 of ati em oon za 
= pria a aie E HoN yond ja this be! ne P do not atea Bes D Tors properly the home of the Swiss forests, which are ah get Ar Ni cattle, rege which 
Gace SBS oft Larches, and Sycamores. ws, whic ast be 
can a eroj gro as itri as my | posed of Firs, Larches, y ekia Tepes Ewie h Z ti wees ust, 
neighbour's o ER pines pnie eie of ian ell-manured. Rye, Barley, Oats, and Potatoes, are ate n fò F milked re gay fied ASERS fae re milking 
for that is the subject of my whole and» t on teu g d. The sub-Al Flora consists of about 450 | ov ren i rs e business 
bler e ir eta Ge ta tn Ae aart head Wo lants, which less delicately formed than those}of one man, whilst other car bas oo se 
7 kpene aiaa Aiea E An p ply this Peka ht i provid wah made the day before to the a epôt miles 
twice as gi as my neigh s’? The secret is ese of the higher regio an e rovided m ATEA Ar AT E ax deer n 
I sow only in September, and thus the plant tillers fully before thicker stems, more gachulent leav h other 
winter. No a fully-tillered on. rA ka “sown 
md heavy 
e plough. 
"The flowers are somewhat larger, | and of a deeper 
ores may be necessary for “ne nomadie lapen Bc 
hee finished, both men must y work a 
in in loftier regions. 
d i 
The upper Alpine country begins at ia 
In spite of the toil and da anger of this mountain life 
the confines of the Tannen-region, and 
es: 
f its approach i ae always hailed with rejoicing 
it up 7 village. e the 
When it does wiy it lies uninjured and well ventilated across | -principally for th arrenness of Se soil and the | by the w hole vi ge. vale seen is a lowe oe dene of 
the open furrows of the intervals. Let the farmer sow early on bsence of all forest trees, only a few srg a nd | mountain pastur oralpen, e “ Senne tth 
land in good eae and his Wheat, too, will tiller of course ; = A T bushes breakin tho piak ony pt: nountain | low Jands in May; but when the change is a fai Seeds 
mas E b aloes Bi race's LY eropa wit bya eik side. pr e wild flower 4 are very beautiful how ever and | from the valleys to the real Tanne en-region not until 
m cases his crop wi E an ' 
of Wh his one sun: ae out of ten Kee i clas Ju e.. They set off from their village, followed by all 
i H 
diet resale uf md aan ond coesielied gratin ott ternal snow, a height e Leitkuh, th RA panied by the 
s is another thing, The wide space of the bey evel of the sea. In this PSone iR face of man is only | Leitku! deena the herd, whan es Raer 
admits the full force of the airan ean the e and aoni n for a short time at stated sv bat: the k, y ith heat 
creased and the plant ; while its PEE r 
De ae A ih without ehe check, are Se noter iante snppis of chalets ro ay and parse. round ee neck, maintains a strict dod ipline 
food from the e grain, from its first formation in embryo ti Arrived at th i 
AS ences ie cia A nt with es kiles mI = ae Siete three F-ghigtotey ei Alpine yom fat = feedin ne se once taken Peo 
pated tang the Whats oni Na pte at least a foui sole or at 1 of the = ss farmer s g g 
part more n e avera ras 
“Taking these two facts ts ie oo" then, ‘we ‘are able 5 te solve for the summer r months, : first it would appea 
provi 
as See ce o! be TEKN full acre of 12 ; uch is not t are always to be se of short 
Waa hs Lend now that en end Mithat ree : md ero ar lowe tee $ ire ‘ara, must ex xpen A mount of | p ai on the sides of rocks, and before the season iz 
eat have en unrepo! and wil rom aa 
ection, in order to set a ne for private experim and 1 manure known. | over, they become as fleet and surefooted as the 
What gorniog, hopaye eat cultivation there On to di from the fields, | chamois; they never seem to care rain or storm, 
tor A Bob step to the point of the Li sea ing Paret | the sh nd t: ri ir winter | choose for themselves places shel from the sun 
think it right not to withhold it on this occ: . When I first | the sheep and goats a: h 
took fekis ‘acre plete in hand for t itm ceedingly | quarters, and by deere oh s eat thelr way u m the | during the heat of the day and always return towards 
foul from the accumulated filth of perhaps a century. For | pottom of the mountain to the uppermost snow line. | nightfall to the huts, where the herdsman throws the 
nine years I did battle with the weeds with partial suposta? hb foll b ws oxen, and hor Ses all ni ev ee ndfuls of | salt, whi es hi hey gre eedil ly devour. 
a Sent nee, the road to victory, I m: These are OHO ai , x e beg inning o! of Jun * Sen atin er? ? makes his 
‘the bt a Ning experi : Immediately piei j crop i of 1858 returning again in autumn. 
f h a dl mg yt a la Eke monGows. aro inrigete . frc eh fi : th ; T op! Py reie Alps and tak 
Tilling tt e first growth of weeds, an caving it Tor a secon liquid manare, covered: with: aid saves rom the farm-| leaves the closely cr pet 
€ Ton the end of a fi eeks, I stirred and killed | “q 7 á 
die secon is 1 waited ‘snathier ton beeka anid ai the yara com heap, and shuna of all loose Sia - abode in the Tannen-region. This is A a ps 
ieina atik eee oe 
: how, the: uld Ie: 
e eed” 
would have been to ruin the 
poe a o resoure 
e, then, was 
ithe I heor 
‘ate for for 
it oot w 
thie wai s with the and hoet Pa ie 
le; r, 
such. 
ee EEE 
eded to the full extent of my hopes; for, 
out, the largest-headed and most even, the ea eing more 
‘than do tha size of m: fighten irs’. on the d i 
~ of soil, wh from Much the ur 
er 
e sort of sot. The fo 
ree qielded 11 quarters 54 bushels. being somewhat und 
of m 
poor miserable ic Jien as his stock of winter food depends upon it 
d 
PS | bedding, much depends on the amount of 
sample by | and piei which can be panar in summ 
up wit 
to swell the grain as Switzerland ithe cattle’ are never bed 
‘0Ce8S 8 
I think, of all my psn of Wheat I have ever had, tie turned carefully onj ped at interva ls s dur’ 
t laeo the 
j of Pe a a this time the boy feeding season - 
The 
manure is a alnater of Kis moment to ale Swiss 
h, kept comparatively warm during the 
winter iby its “thick white m: antle br f mois istened by tl the 
and as straw 
a 
antum n the mountain side, and the quantity of earth | 
whi 
svi tev and ai ur le fear Pia whieh 
it is so celebrated. Tre eal pursued as 
parts 
alw; ways 
at first in 
the, immediate neighbourhood of the the, A A their 
de d, b 
stand o: n boards, which are Aen ta inclined 
ay 
ing land; the goats make more extended excursions, 
n 
na e day, so that all 
llected 
about on 
th 
L gatherin g together of Grass and wee 
ecasiıonall, 
the higher pinnacles with the 
eeds 
ntain side i isan aii and da angerous occupation 
eep: 
horses and cows widen their Sic but they always 
the former once, the latter twice a day to the 
juarters to the moiety of each acre, pi a) a 
“Very faithfully yours, re Pr y 
“Mr. Joh la ‘ke, Surra.” | of the whe “ Wildk 
nto Button ay adyan their wi Ser pry Pang Á "ell is | 
ON THE PASTURAGE OF THE SWISS ALPS. 
res in Switzerland, principally noe 
ns tee yeer ai 7 during the whole „time that 
id form th 
er 
first idea which pre- 
vegetable wealth, must 
ae 
sounded and each gatherer hurries off to secure his 
place, which ae 
e end of the month of August the food of the 
usually ex! i,k and the thir d and 
rtaken. The best and most in 
eaen b 
last fitting is un unde: 
» firs m being here considered as 
o the other ite pits 1 of the law. This coarse 
mab bly grows in places above the pasture line, and 
ut of the reach of the cattle, so that the “ biayane A 
nah pro 
escen 
time divide flocks, confining 
he milch cows on goats to the lower and more acces- 
sible feeding grounds, and driving the oxen, young 
cattle, and borses higher up 
nourishing, but the toil na exertion of atta ining it is 
eae 
their 
samphire Sse ers on the coas' 
he booty collected 
wit th so uch risk. is 
gathered into small heaps, and 
ee latter animals lose, how- 
ver, in ease ort is fully m 
the improved ee cia of their — 
greater paguar T activity, and powers of e 
which they ac 
early defined. aay is, however not the c cases in this 
still primitive Pig there are Pde 
Tights of property quite dieron a 
ivilised ures of the 
of land and | mal 
th v 
the 1 sa an and so ae = the winter snows fall, which 
The labour of the farmer is by ni 
ans confined 
hes Sow ve pce mg a 
we and arable their, Towesi range cs ich ea anys 
kp apaga 
< = Those of the first class-belong to one: 
individuals, ¢ and are generally sublet to cattle owners; 
oor inore A pi ie 
—_ lan: nå in the valley ; he must 
sete 
r its descent on sledges to pare Fs 
When the supplies of this 1 
ftiest region 
cattle 
n fail, iie 
, ing as they 0, to their wini 
taking this ‘time the lead, and 
‘ase as possible 
saring ten nant poite 
narshy anc swampy py spots, and, y fe 
g ms so as to irrigate pa “an pind 
short, ae all and every means assisting Nature to keep 
some cantons 
(principally in Appenzell) of > sa 
and have $ A X 
been either purcha with Government 
ose poor 
money, or Lorie by will for the use of those 
people y 
= do no heir own rig 
“a ea ascend higher with the 
ilt 
gana = = E aaa 
r beasts whieh be 
valley in bro" 
an hte worldly 
— on n tho con aps 
can be provi ved to oy fod in cf 
Nature h erself has to be > kep as He 
ae ye ne of a greater vale than | 
verry gulden are about equal to a 
or „lavine, as it is here called, or a torren r: of = 
nes, and 
_ | rubbish, which, , if not confined to its proper bed, might 
the advan At 
summer Tba: p riina of “gre in ghey: since e ths 
when pastured 
mountain, a i i i 
eq 
er 
f is reckoned as a a pig 
little pig as a quarter, a goat o 
and Maple, and a 
a 
wholesome pastur: No effor of man can at all | s 
times pree 2h terrible — rp ë Jae cc wnt 
mona ing and keeping o of ual 
passages which the bein si emi be 
sions seem absurd, but are at ea same time ni 
as the measure invariably used here is a ates tmi 
is unt of pasturage which one a right 
| may do Ei a avert the misery consequent on these 
freaks of ‘Alpine Nature. sree age cates haps than | 
under ted other circumstances, ca 
of our English proverb that ea “stitch in 
saves nine.” Another, 
HEE 
$ 
time | 
of wild flowers | 
and no small item of Alpine 
labour is 
ated the | spoo 
The furniture c of an Alpine chalet 
imaginable kind; it consists 
hen 
the careful clearing of the pathways, the 
i 
E e tie | 
