, T 
THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 511 
Fas And secondly, , the e products f the wth in the fields, ean in n any “wise injuriously affect | place as I have been describing civilised beings “should be 
Bpo: other words, the new soa ele ee oi and primary alimentary functions of the — together, ‘without a decont w ge of age and sex.” 
famed a pelt seiner union of the “oo gp substances | land. 4. B. 
pelow and the atmospheric constituents 
nding rom above—fo et ast pabulam which use 
ical organs, permeatin LABOURERS AND COTTAGES | such. re + Peed cp nee Fhe A ol Ei be “converted 
ough the interstices ‘of ‘te round, are constantly | Aw entire w ant of la abon vers? cottages on Gore in oia ar. Potato storo, besides the beds that may be put- 
nd without em there could be | some districts. Victwints | into it. The will never be kindled in it, and it will become 
In the phenomen of co cer e farrat it is the rule for married men to nea ii anp and o d” Tt is only when the labourer is a fixed 
Jone 2, 1860.] 
‘A a sitting ind’s house is m 
SE cant eae vio akg "it ‘a never be used 
en k; se 
mp an a 
resident, holding directly under the landlord, that he will 
too - w saa furnish his second room vd n the ground floor comfortably, and 
sate i it by occasional th 
4 ee" 
of wage which is the necessary result r- | 
e oxyge n of the air uniting with the 
erowded working population—coupled with i aw “Of | You will obse e 55 of the North British 
rly 
q The 
of the fuel = a fresh compoun nd (carbonic 
oes) with development of heat, 
. air and the fire pie languish. Sti 
als an 
improvi vide nt marriages, improvi vident pw rile ng for 1850 en abridged oti : a paper 
n labourers’ cottages, w Nich was read re a 
and | 
the ihitookbiral me ot by Mr.. C , the 
| 
d thereby ‘promote abundant atmosphere |a a eulabe neglect of duty on the part of too many | of 
eminent nbs isher, whi pro iter of wien 
miston. which I th 
3 accession and the combustion wil , tenant- -farmers, and rora al ‘clergy—are the 
«sponding energy. Exclude the oxygen, l ses of in rural | 
acid, and the ammonia of the air from the por oe the eer: Allow the paars reliable nacre pate a kitchen or living room iom below twine 
either by Jeaving them potni with a nana a show Het Tandowners, t tenant-farmers, eee very a store closet for Potatost, m meal, &c., a place 
“ave moisture, or impervious to the atmosphere by and labour qapar y at fault : or coals, an t, a bedroom (without 
: : . : a lace), rendered baal Re being immediately over the kitchen. 
reason of a tillage, and comparative sterility | «We have Peay h n full detail outline ge illus- lad sanitary shanti wets ttredneed fo. and around 
willexhibit itself; but withdraw b drain ge the super- | trative of the right Construction of cottages; but before pro- | the cottages, rokih it sd ould be found useless, considering the 
abundant water from the pores and impart to the land | oane x ive our arks the constructive apena of | habits and feelings, as well as the means, of agricultural 
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prejudice: of the rural population must be 
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in some to aid 
need win for tipse las crore se fed 1 s ment the establishment of homes for the labouring population of e bee expended, m rely to produce a failure t i) 
“i ae whav Torms je gre our rural cme nel eles some such hoo gece ip in the Y 31] ob f h ai bef 
of viz., the perfect working of t domestic arrangem of our cottages ti | Xou will observ your report o the iscussion Aion 
be yet the basis of argument we are here conetrusting Doomsday about med mabite of the a meeting of the Bhan Ki and A 
and will eventually build on at g | ROOT. Ete i thrust "into plases, into mlieh we, wed Pe page 298 of the Agricultural Gazette, ali He te 
; ed to put our do; . Sas 
ats ok we ther efore pass o the consideration of for tape itch pach na all its concomitant vices and misery is | necessity for abolishing hiring markets, Mr. Skirv 
anoth a map geet the yee tes of soils through thereby created. Nor re tunreasonably b hose e who stated that, “The first thing that the owner in East 
the reaction of the atmosphere eee to such. depressing influences for the “display of Lothian should do was to provide fi and adequate 
what eased to term bet and las a as ee houses for his labourers to, live in. Then as to the 
mai ieee: ae marie is the field o far th t Ś Seer for 
species of rock is found t to be etre arns r e portant department of social economii an rape ae = te mers, were they not most grievously to lame i 
ae aa yet | adherence to one of the most mischievous and d ading 
but, on the contrary, in all kinds the texture consists of | apparently r badn en, it is as nothing compared qs m Ai g d 
agreater or less variety of substances, each possessing cit Sg ME ee ee the oe ae street ire can feb ate o village stare | systems, the bondager system? For the information 
a distinctive mi character, but all falling | by many who fore ear eae ibaa inte Saba of those who might not be acquainted v with that aed 
‘within the following category (and too much attention | Truly, b he who called our British labourer the ‘best living tool 
annot possibly be given, or too great importance | 2% g veer at ang Be eat eons iu nee se very small house, very often, wit) but ane pugi i bt 
attached to t cu that one or other or all | Ares o oaia be best in a paying sense to have them kept i He might have a large pa migas ave the 
of the chemical elements forming the mineralogical goo qrorking orde er wi just in view of the i imp 3 co oHa ee eA to at os decencies afal life zæ 
tuents of rocks belong to the list of those in- keeping same of ote the TS, what di umer in any 
ganic ingre dicnte ahidi oe i ial tò 45 Ve eetative ‘ae Pona trim tha “that we pone at thoa Bae. ‘egnl, at the instances do? He compe Ned. that E unfortunate x BE to 
| nutrition, The hee garseate of min substance sort este which many year So griċul- |» oceive into his family a young person at m inadequate 
es. That fore inmate ren Chis home so 
| whether in the condition of rock or of soil, isin trath | You quote in the same columf a few pa hs from e s. or red h 
therefore identical with the process of elimination of oe Bron which emanated from wee Hliny owing comfortless that he was glad te fly from his cottage to 
i try and get another » ° Mr. Fowler, of Whitchurch, 
ative pabultm. of some proceedings in the Town Council of 5 ? s 
besides containing constituents which when duly | Tinea, ree ng a a letter sa stated at Blandfd that “ All new cottages should 
e atmosphere become the i in Buckingbamshi have three bed-rooms, and just half of mine 
t mber. ll large, grown-up families should 
odat 
. The 
combine with these in r epotiäa; $ placing in juxtapositio on the ie lemonia LE mp residing 
a certain mineralogical, co con pac in different „e will give an epit f the 
is nu 
have coin come me this porns 
composition a ” a little knowledge 
to veps ani 
of Berw 
re) 
but o me: A 
4 tility, namely, al rosszd EEr atin i RER thirds of them 0 the autumn 1846 to the 
to u seseg che appointed ror this ind rom tes mo travela distance men hare (ny per by nape gop of Mr. li 
mrg constituent of the staple it is necessary to | fac o their ee ava ge since feces <he e general charnel of the cottages in 
oie that the primary pals a the processes of pel bow pee seep f con, h that there w Separation of slee 
decomposition which eliminate the mineral orn < plead on the behalf of ‘these poor men, who waste iE of ing E paces, not only to "the members of the family, Yor 
rom its original condition ity | ee ue ae tie oe peen L ofa aee ae ee Just bondager.” (See page 298 of the Agri. ee ie 
T plan 
themselves in the conditio n of panii solution; ia SoA pod s sometimes losing their way in the dark ; 
thus were ni solved ingre- | summer b so weary that they sn n profer t throwing sac 
-dients konid i ree be te a aw rs mar rainfall. FES sate some straw in some ou’ walking home | gr floor, 
But to clay, which itself is insoluble and yields up |t ir beds.” Agricultural Gazette for 1 "1368, p. 688 j whicli wale Aki only places my 
no of its composition as aliment to plants, is I qu iis the following from your report of a paper read | had for eatin ng and sleeping, 
io 
the ‘property of absorbing the nutriments | by Mr. Morton gt e ak of the Society of rend inna and middk en making such 
their nascent solutions, and of storing which Sets the state of things at Dum mpton, n audable -to ameliorate the eee pm of farm 
them within its own texture, safe from waste, but Ram: cones in different parts of the Uni ited Kingdom, and 
ina condition fit to be withdrawn by the radical fane- | © tog ae pay about 2s. éd. per week rent for their | most especially in my native district. I trust Messrs. 
tions of plants. — — of decomposition cottages, and for this many ace zoinerabjo Rng. “nom W | Stephens and Chambers will feel angry with themselves 
a clay p piy ope obabl ess a similar property ; | % nothing 12 thew gar labourers. They are (many of them) for submitting the above statements to the pote Since 
a then already pes eal to explain the general | driven to reside in the worst parts of tho towns, Tiny of them | my parentage connects me with the middle and work- 
nature of conservative capacity of all producti we hovel, uilt or rather stuck up for the sole purpose of | ing classes, allow me to i essrs. Chambers and 
at ity P a: ent, without any regard to to health, 3, comfort cleanliness tepi ens that my mother kept her h 
~ Shortly reeapitulated, the chief topics of the fore- Pi Br snort No pti alas ec A aen ta en «from | elea: ut that rpms field labourers are 
observations are es ~~ ~~ a “gener Lo aye ie his master, and all others + te at 3 nl 90 interest 4 cleanly i in i their habits a wo ae rv i 
on | his welfare. msequences I need not deseri in th s of life. T. am is n } 
solid ingredients of re aotan a RAA gnd | oeny inducement fx bimn to spend i spre fr paving Srom | Proprietor. of Gienormiston, upon, which he has built 
gaseous elements of the air on the | two to three miles to go ins weathe’ to his labour, never e — wi e one room : a rebliggy te 
. | knowing the I f hot di rs except on a Sunday, or a | ki y ani he rret without a fire ý 
a atone pads pal resultant substances con- | Enot OH his family, tho children ron the streets in the worst bodied farm shows sk eakihied $0 ble to rent a 
tl te rrestrial and art] h 
4 madical wie town, and gok eariy imbue or con is one house which | contains pa requisite number of 
With no fath to instruct t them, 
as tontradistinguished from Sos peng t b goer A T etta this pon re will b him and Keris ife to teach their family 
from the aig ee e only by aH k pressed “hefore the public on etd favourable opportunity.”— | to cultivate rte of ney ani and self-respect. 
another Fenati | Aomienneel faatt for IEDR who are anxious k- sarsa the sufferings of an ‘affec 
the forma- | - Having quoted sufcient to so thet the cnt as | ag parent do not feel t} nature of 
parker mode of lodging farm laboure England, as ing an adult CBee every minutes 
aa the | faults peculiar to itself, allow sh jo on jaena est thee reactionary pressure on er 
powe `- garnering ne marked peculiarities which nir DE nn death has deprived them le iy e ‘their 
in a state unsusceptible of removal removal by aqueous | with the system of farm management in the bondage | tionate solicitude; Had my father died te 
ee eer ee no absorbed by the | district. ‘The following quotation from “Stephens’s | Chambers’s housesat Glenormiston, what sort of 
premises we shall in | Book of the Farm” thea gran grag EE would the surviving members of the ad 
na following propositions :— | No’ ¢humbrian hinds had to live in in 1 in a house which ' only contained.a kitchen, a pe 
e alimen i u arante of the beet of tno oid fanned hinds’ an wae which were two os aoa 
andi rst = cultivated The genera ae aae Pad at the best. They have | Potatoes, meal, 
sie. s to withdraw | (Noy everything with od is partitions, window-frames, | © upg maal an (without a fire-place) ret i 
“4 Elas S fall kinds, grates, and a substitute for-ceiling ; for | SATP bedroom, the ki b> Ni 
tters; and this is what occurs paper tillage Np i nae a 3 4 called them, mere sheds. They | .by being immediately over syi 
or (2dly) where a less active vegetati have no byre fo! or their pigs, no Pois | is spa to make every provision 
t 5 ao byrne a promo bte cleanliness or comfort. The | lowlands in different parts of the United 
ure, that an om ane of pabu- Srerage size of these fog is het i feet ot opon, ak cows? calving; but Messrs. Chambers and 
; accu. . Th 3 -e € x = , . » ision 
may by the culseqaait institution dark and un mhe larger than 2 0 i Into this space | it a waste of 7, sr os prov: 
cultivation be withdrawn, and the nutritive | Within the shed are r owded $, 10, aud even 12 persons. How | for such events as the accou € 
es of R eette they lie down to rest, how they sleep, how they preseree So 4 | hinds’ wives, the majority of whom are 
e i e reduced to its current y a decency, how unutterable horrors are poo is a young |n nio on with the Christian Chure need scarce! 
a (4thly) ar beyond the withdrawal of | all conce 5 a pee is AEE ned sce wi empt to deseri ibe the position of a family in such @ 
ai hired to do the felt work, ‘or r | ho paa during sickness till after the puri a The 
t their i 4 ber of Whe fanny but is 
ally grea apie may be rendered by whieh every hind is ‘bound to provide a female. Ks Bye ock | Mommot shut up the house, and few would be so callous 
tivation, and no order of succession in their yearly | every sense of propriety to think that in & a room an 
