THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. [June 16, 1860, 
Soe = did not wish to enter into the vexed question whether | must be effected by means of joint-stock companies, If the 
Clubs. Fowler’s r Smith’s tackle was the better. set war's a subject | implement makers Greta Y p that their salai if nes al Ti 
this for purchasers to satisfy t emselves upon. All he could say, was, | six or eight-horse power were suitable for the traction be 
Lox: m Cultwre.—Mr. Wells’s paper on thatso far as scuffling went, nothing could be superior to what he | tivators, all he could say was that they were misleadin a 
cg t will ja Ti in ae page. The following | saw at Woolston. Everybody must keep a certain number of | farmers, especially if the soil was to be turned up g thal 5 
abridge ed report of the discussion which ensued ed | horses upon the farm, for carting dung and other operations, | 12 inches. His own experience, in fact, went to show thal eri 
and it might be ploughing the Clover leys for the Wheat crop, | there was a deficiency of power in all the steam-engin p 
sn x whilst the steam-engine was at work upon the ibbles. | had been applied to ploughs and cultivators. He hope igs ji 
Mr. h, of Woolston, Mr. | Steam hee rage was no doubt the most picker ecw a to oes rt day = SA a _ perfect and Ser ient inate obi 
i ete eal “Mr Smith does not — the | ever offered to the farmer, but, it c uld never displace horse | m wou! e produced, which this Club mi 7 ch 
k labour altogether; and in his opinion the two used conjointly | recommend with confidence to general Pye g 
amount of manual labour.” He could prove that his | would be Hik more etonieiies| than either used separately. | farmers. BS option by th bo 
system | did reduce manual labour. Onthe co ld heavylan om With regard to the relative economy of the fixed and the [eer ac 
sited ortable engine, it was clear that the former was preferable er 
hse E s|F rtai Ea tions; but if they could make their farming 
AS in operations ; if they c nak 
ago, had n reve been able to plough more than 5 acres rrangen: matte vl = to nia roms threshing machines, mills, Pane of Books, ot 
pe six ye horse teams twice over, and cross it wit th Tesa ba other apparatus, by engine, and afterwards ofthe p 
than three horses, in five days; and even that oem that engine ste “the ‘ela, eA apply it to the cultivation i e | 
togi Our Farm Crops. Part 1 IX. By Professor J h 
out to be tremendously hard work. Wheread s, by means | Sol, Rane ie! pa ould say that the portable engine was altog f r John th 
the mical oF the t wo. Wilson. Blackie & Son 
engine, he could easily smash Soe eed said, as to skilled labour, that his firm hadhad | he ninth part of thi of 
up 5 acres of this work ina Fa day, with = nies of | some experience with steam cultivators, having star some pa 1s series includes Sa infoin, Vetch, py 
steam. Having smashed it up once by ste he | 70 or 80 sets, and baa ngage tee expe ie iraki te = a y PEAS same modest bn th 
finding men enough on a farm su ciently inte! igen wor ubstantia’ nd satisfacto account 
= put it io ag Ps tis Turnips, a mae the machines after two or three days’ instruction. He might ‘iatenpyimpacied; ale ation disao a an lant’ i 
they were growing Formerly he could not | further mention, that on a farm o; the Emperor of the French, Rean bd 5 , ases, and produce, as has 
have ridged after one lonek so that he must | he had taken six Frenchmen, and having given them two or | Airea en given ot n t forage an 
have cnamealtiveted be: er m he HoF ed. But how SEREA P coo grees oy provod theni ato Aa ci We = . 4 lish ha ers in preceding Numbers 
did the cost, stand for 5 acres? Seven men | when once they had worn. out a rope they would pas a ve ae ob Sat cen on res cultivation of 
to the cultivator at i 6d. a day came to pos how to use Shee and he undertook to say that sess any gen 
17s. 6d., 2s against 11 men at 2s., and boys | the second rope would ee times as long as the first, neeite value in the presence of t tie better pi 
at 6d.a day, or 1. 7s. 6d. Thus steam beat manual Everything do depended Aapon how these matters hkg FE OR R which are under ordinary circumstances within tl 
labour upon the 5 acres, to the extent of 10s., or by | the wi a E tad vor been | aa Oee Rho: following passage desc i, it 
nt whi 
nearly one-half. Wear and tear was the next point to | touched biasa sither by Mr. Wells or the gentleman who had cultivation :— 
which he would advert; and he confessed that he went followed a pe that the > forming of this coment had arrived ata| “Gorse may either be sown by itself or treated liki 
entirely upon estimate, inasmuch as he had never yet | atively required. Tbe Y value of anim cultivation was now DEE ee ie wind ite 
worn out a pair of ropes. t o d the stio crop. former me sone be adopted it shoul 
thim 34l. about five aer ago, and they were still in hether the land co mid. be ploughed at as. cheap a rate by follow a aie crop, by which ample time would h 
is farm orse power as by steam power, but whether, seeing that r afforded in the autumn for Gerongtiy “leant th 
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good working order. was 110 acres in extent, pie erent ‘lary He : rou; 
and the ropes had res of work, with the | ¢ cami nid vse itoni prs anea fe ow | and, while the stubble would assist in keeping it loos 
exception of 32 acres for experimenting meek hie 3 weeks in the autumn and other parts of the year when and o o the winte: and rains. If the soil be 
we set of tae cle de * ring t winter and t t | they Pai the busiest. It a ale important to consider nough to render the latter mode desirable, the — 
spring. His p ms always to take advantage ou | Soe Fe ani caer Daa eo’ acura ith 8 same precaution should be taken as to the width of | 
the best weather er directly pee harves Pie ent | higher condition, and with much better crops. rows of the straw crop that have been already recom: 
finished h ie peeve am | Mr. Pike (Bedfordshire) said, he sho ald be n his | mended. In either case the seed should be i pee 
cultivator to work ipoh he Bean tafto which he aos eg granary cultivation , and go ‘ack to the by the cong n rows from 18 to 24 inches apart, and a 
would smash up once, whilst his horses were engaged | horses ploughing the Clover leas; but he (Mr. Pike) differed linch deep. Where a grain crop is oe the rows of ni 
in ploughing the Clover . As soon as that was | from him, for he had steam-cultivated his Clover lea also, and | the two pi should cross each other at right angles ge f 
done, an r land was aerating for e Wheat, he haa s bugie a ie ee oy, ot his Seigo oe bat vadia vai Hay rrows and light roller ünishing the operation p 
manured the Wheat stubble for Beans and Turnips. | compared with horse ploughing; he was repro to ROA step to 10 lbs. of seed are sufficient t} ki 
The horses would then back to cultivate the Bean | further ‘leat that, sot place it alongside of spade husbandry, insure a thick plant ; and the latter end of March @ re 
i : for and in a much better state. He had been asked | beginning of April is "the best time for the purpose Ey 
hen go 
stubbles, and drill the Wheat; as his steam cultivator s t pde aa ka Sea eel, batee ate aS E wet 
smashed up the Wheat stubbles, the horses ridged them vent of a wet season. | sowing. 
for the winter. . The whole of his ridging work last Belk te Peet Wes land aha look: 8 one—and he was |  « The only attention the crop requires the first yet 
ear upon the 110 effected in the course of 10 | neighbours’. fact, he i i is to be kept ow of weeds by means of hort: thiy 
green will ha j 
ae 
The deputation from tk here was not a single furrow u! on it, 0 I 
se cher Sentani and it was for cecal de rA Wian ET don, fond) ald, Batad netar pienes aoto et carefully. 
work was done Anas or 4 s; it is also. im} t 
iether horse Jabour could approach it orca sn Tarte te that he had done so., Mr, Pomier be allowed to be | by sheep or 
had done the drilling and everything else by tee first | his implements was satisfied eed with it, and the same was to be |as any want of attention to these two points woull) 
week of November.. He had gone 14 inches deep; but esgic ge Dy ey i mAy aa gorge Lagan J sure to be followed by a proportionate- failure ini 
respecting that depth Mr. Wells had told them very | cess aa hed re ; rop. The practice of sowing the crop br ons O 
VE s uld assure th ver, t seata thats Wit Sa 12 liga, hid rodini toi him, Gtr. still flloved, a ae districts, chiefly in Wales;j 
horses were f land, at = 
ys, 4 
ovember, and when finished it looked like a en. 4 3 ed ani 
’ à gard all strong land, had not been Rigers for two years, and previous to sowing. ‘The y saat, bower, 
lly prote 
the state in which it was le 
them to say whether t 
was a most important matter. ere p possesses, yen 
: i $ 7 to 10 day. The soil at Broad Hint f 
became ed into à | the eit and wettoat that. could te anes with, yot bhi s ‘quantity "ot seed i eoi and 
sort of plaster ei i i i it | difficu! eeping the crop arap eeds 
a turnpike road more than arable la t cp t early aR wd aa is the S eat obtuse to its suca 
happened when the rain fe ll? Why, that the water r | as msideral ‘ 
appen C valuable minck. with had gone over the fan he considered = the work done was | intended shine Bee duration, it 
k esr te iy two operations ploughing by horses. He rs 
it into the rivers; bat a cultivation thoroughly | was not, however, the advocate of any steam cultivator desirable to have some spare plants to fillup any blat 
broke up the ground. raii miira through it, |in particular ; having thi terete al alluded to what one of Mr. | that may occur in the drills; a small patch should the 
as capable of doing, he ERNA Pia ead a letter | fore be kept as a seed bed, to furnish the supply 
he fi 
As the 
the earth appropriated whatever and henio he had Ee Mr. Pull t € h 
“nutritive in it, and as soon son "water had dis- ln ae wii spare one of Mr. Smith’s. Mr. may from time to time be necessary in the eld. Te = 
appeared the air witht upon the m eral agin con- | Pullen wrote thus :—‘‘ Agreeably to your request, I will give blanks should be carefully filled as soon as the win 
ma you the results of my experience in steam cultivation. I| is fairly over; then the only attention the crop re 
hich was a vi duii uring t the spri ring h 
was proved at Lois. Weedon aater il ques dry one. ` In fact, my saing hard that I 
conclusion, Mr. ae said—It is that subsoil Re inn not plough it with Howard’s plough, but the — cultivator kep 
we farmers must look; and I contend that steam has amankan, itun eet n mre pee Lap ben oe land reo oe hier a | roe the i ae a suiit ently advanced to 
and I think the advantage deriv erefrom nearly equ: s man 
beaten horses s'all to pieces. to the outlay for the apparatus. - Another advantage is in the cae Me be m poet witha seythe in ep ce sak. 
Mr. Owen Wallis said Mr. Smith's land was cultivated by | saving rse z r! 30 er the first cutting, it is recommen: y 
steam power, in amanner that he had hag was altoge- | before I applied steam P rked 18 since, alternate ro giv 
ther impracticable. Parts of it were of the most stul bborn and | and en ays forward with my work, which last autumn was | each ne a two y growth, and at the same tif 
gate oth character, irregular as to bonndary, ato irorun a of v eat Epor Sean rid 100 ted of Wheat I better access to air and i ght Hate if grown and @ I 
the most satisfactory kind. The land was deeply cultivated | it is sible for Wheat to ek loses While on the contrary my . In thi ha Sage crop has to be ¢ 
and well es up, and the crops which viete: growing upon it | neighbours, who never plant less than two bushels per sti of th bs 
were, in Sot pet Soe as good as could be desired upon land | have not got half a plant, some are i ore but of small im be oe regards t 
of that 1 He was now speaking of Mr. Smith’s ow with it, and others are een it up and sowing Bar! E ese ‘ 
lands. eon sorts of soil had KER characteristics of | Now that letter, as it is ble not to cut more at a time W 
‘beeper cultivation he had never seen in tact of the steam per etd St Se sufficient for a day or two’s consumption, and the hoy 
so deep, or in so the system, whether ft was Mr. Smi will do this as quickly as the seyt! ae" 
which dis h tl 
of | hoofs, Saas a very stip i ere (1 : : 
t F Lia tans plou ' i ma crop every year, as the shoots arè ™ i 
irala oe ee ac awe practical peg tr yer here is less bottom and dry stems r $ 
before ; any last week he was at Mr. King’s, at Beedon, P. 4 
$ Newbu i ay com mittee of this i Ciub, oho Was e atie pess tage that Gorse offe Sar i 
using a steam plough and cultivator thai en put upon | C is it furni sate 
his farm by Mr. Plummer, his landlord, as part of the stock nat Salo a tite rs A be beset! te wint wil Br 
i tivate 
d 
| 
ich he 
about 100 acres for him, The result was that Mr. Plummer : uabl itis n 2 
| was well satisfied with the purchase of the machine z whilst | grown a feeding purposes it generally comes into 
ubsequen' $ 
nd broken up when in a and keep ti i | had men known work done likeit. He(Mr. William s) looked 
bid surface ; for he had become a ou mvert to Mr. Smith’s | back eS E EE had taken în promoting eultivar 
stem of never ploughing it in. If they ploughed it in, they | tion ars steam-pow: porte Stig to see the system eek 
might rely upon it that ima tt based of plant would rise in judg- | in gna throughout othe abe kin Winter Vete! 
ent against them on re day- Keep it on the pron] Mr. Fisher Hobbs.—One poi aa that wan 5 worthy of conside- sie 5 f 
E hat they dt ol saad ubj sn to take its place. | 
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were of sufficient wral Essays.—No. 2. Manures. A 
pra os “Satin 1 Lecturer on Agriculture, Albert Tai 
“in either frosty or dry weather, 3 ad it and let it lie until in the present day. His own opinion was t they were too Glasni 
joisa vies it Tan, apres z "ey eoat ak ar F i 5 t uii vipa = Bones This sis sone serial work; its author al ape 
good upon: than, oug: into ora when he observed that the farmers would purchase ese agri w and thus * 
; subsoil ; RE ee er have their land in a con- | engines and ploughs; but rather he concurred with Mr. in the work of f tenching his icul as A a 
i ats crop, almost without any Boies mt ae that if steam cultivation was to become provides a text- class. ch part } 1 
spring; they were most busy. H og sangh would do in autumnal operations, it | ably cheap; and describes a pray subject - a 
