680 
THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
[Jury 21, 1860. 
Marcet and others, in which case no doubt need be 
enter tainat as to the result of the depiviwent: ‘for be | 
researches oi yett, and others hav 
e the cause of the failure which generally awaits 
f 
e by t he fluoric, and E l 
the Cio over crop after An l years o! 
Seei ing that it appears independent of un- 
most, common "vegetables therefore usually coni 
e latter. reni a 
and. 
favoni able seasons, defici Rute or excess of manure, 
Boutigny, 
ei bt g bom pon ne a) solution will be taken | 
b; 
e more obvious causes that suggest them- 
selves to _agriculturists, its cause has long b atiled 
thod of producing ig Crag of li 
eri ae oe 
ed therefore worth while. 
or been “hitherto ips Aerts what 
h tions as those of arsenious 
to 
is the one la ately put forth by Mr. Be rkeley, viz., that 
the roata of the former crops of Clover being left n 
the gror and generate Fungi, Migs fasten upon the fres! 
suc! 
acid a itrate of taritis, hich are believed to be 
poisono! or such as nitrate of strontian, which i 
abnormal, though innocro $ are presi to the 
absorbing surfa see oF plants i h 
A carefully | conducted series of exper iments, which 
y one the various causes assign e 
aussure or my ow 
where salts of copper 
death of the plant ensued, it ma 
aad 
d the 
y be said, that the 
for the Beat might in the end enable us to arrive a 
the true solution of this problem. 
acid is dissipated, n this respect Pa least a dif. 
oy py Between the effect of bones ad 
minisgered in their unaltered form, and that of the 
pe ce S poniood by the addition of sulphurie 
he es difference produce ponding 
Tar in the eane or quantity oft the pr a th 
presence or absence of fluoric acid a a wholly of 
indifference? In the bone itself I hay conjetr 
tha tit may act favourab 1y by diminishing the 
t phosphate, and thus 
aphid Liege of importance relates to the 
psum K sae in bato hU a soil. 
er in w hich 
vitality of th 
P 
it more spruce to laws of organisation, r pre the 
animal which feeds upo; 
orga 
| joe its use, if any, is featienrees ed, = that it may 
y to the t that q 
th 
with the poisonous ; matter, and that the latter 
for its he clthy grow 
afterwards taken up, as would happen in a dead 
substan nce, _ by „the mer e force of capillary attrac tion. 
+) 
as s will be seen by stating 
shen give i Davy, ty Lidig, by Tdhiatias and | 
experimental ground for Barley, and three for Turnips, » 
‘thes Davy ‘atixibuted its aaar, to the prezence gi 
at intervals with a solution either of arsenious aci 
nitrate of ao or of nitrate of barytes 
remaining Bg ions 
ould 
be 
id, of | 
minous 
alleging that it was rs ost e pr iaig t that its s appli- 
cation ae of service, and therefore that its u 
r m write n supplying them with this necessary i 
uantity 
n this. 
t also experiments are still wani 
amples of agr marge rears 
hitherto given are on ge 
[will n mention on 
mie 
dog! e, 
tions which Tira are e of, and the e daa in. 
ahl 
r hand, supposes of 
rie on the it to be 
service “a anaov tig the ammonia of the atmosphere ; - 
Here, however, I have been anticipated by Professor 
of 
the near Ciren cester 
| or other ‘Places impregnated with ammoniacal fames, i 
who has already communicated som ne interesting facts 
on this subject, tending to agence = of our 
h hich carbonate of lime and sulphate of ammonia are Grasses and other fumiliar aip hith “a 
aie the vi g pl produced, distinct species, phere onfirm the pedi: of 
fAs: each gricultural nature take Professor Johnston, on the other hand, ascribes its | M, Fabre on the chan, “Lo v Bicla ovata into Wheat 
t plete, I cannot, at my tim f efficacy to the sulphuric au Tae ch is be ne of its through the intermediate forms of Ægilops triticoides 
life, look forwards with any confidence to carrying out ingredients, supposing y to be decomposed by nodi mia ee G 8” Chronicle, July, 1852.) 
such trains of research. I will, however, in: | Pe plant, and thus to, furnish hry oh which, Inds, m being which favour the growth ungi on 
dii a few which involve eran of importance, | e vour the ingredient in a bag se y d also fi t matter 
bot! ith and also to | * whether for instance, those which make 
ltivati bape Las tly, Boussingault emt it “on useful awe virtue = “appearance in Seed d in other 
the most A eiit practical inquiries, the lime it ¢ s, and ba efore Mie „limit its | plants are to be regarded as t rink cause or the ‘effect of 
Britain, oe whieh ¢ this earth is deficient. the malady prese 
One of 
especially in the present condition of Great 
ermine the 
h of ti ime, requisite | for 
ition, soil that has 
once become thorough Sa rte re nied cty ing. 
The amount of iabour y and of ti byr bita of:'co! opp E least pean ory, offers no aaa, of the Chair which Ihave the honour to fill, the use of a piee 
Balie to. Yi to pisah in every cular instance; bat’ « sa oe apd of of. gypsum hd Bag tind pints, | of land, in which they may, if they please, carry out the 
posers who determines the esaer har with referen or of ue prer pre Mt ch practica assign to its | views under of the professorship, Dr. Sib 
own land will have contribut: ted his quota towards its è ach more | w ime when hes were little 
— Lainie py Sainai apd “al comparison ticipa’ future age, 
When we reflect upon the vast amount of itti we 
Linea sae daily emptied into the Thames ska 
gig: netropolis, and o ina 
uncertainty of our ‘being able to obtain from foreign 
lands for mo ag th = oe ae ss of replac 
them, it ¢ ainly be a que of national im 
w OAS 
th te 
ing |an 
ere, then, ae ToN hypotheses, each "aoti by 
| men emin penad in science, and therefore worthy of some 
aneren tio 
Of all these, that 
ER, 
induces Fungi it; and m 
questions of this nature. 
But t I have already said enough, I hope, to exphin 
esent; how ik = that the a 
P 
wigs TE a series of experiments tending bd | 
att 
Appointment whic h he _fille d with so much 
cheaper. 
| It is 
| show, that Clove d, no 
only more a ahala of Time hid before, but also 
larger guanti y of the same sth ed wise combined, 
effec 
igib if we suppose 
e abar ea of gypsum RA the Sai öt Ho invigorate its 
It has been my e earnest endeavour through Jife to 
follow, thongh at-a humble distance, in his fi a 
first by my lectures on the Husban dry of the > Ancients 
inw. ass : ‘have carried'on 
ga ations ich he had commenced for the purposes of 
Frentitying the plants of ada and, secondly, Wp 
wok agricul tural researches of which I b just, 
inimes and whic h if t y bore no other 
fruit, kare athe means at least of conv’ ae at e, that- 
the objects which my enlightened predecéssor had it 
in 
falling ¢ oft we could hope to maintain the ors a | organs and thus enable it to draw more largely from 
| O1 
whieh 4had dormant ingredien ping pon converse hypothesis ele ed late 
irie by which apre ae may lan made, Professor re Set unexplained es t, tha t 
fasten. ce poate d,-to xender up t those principles ok leguminous plan ben efited by its Sa a 
ac ak bavé remove} from: the than ica since a e latter gontai according to 
For Chess tarperimnalttetvevével pears would be la er Boussin t, as large an amount of sulphur as the 
for we must veg reduce the gers, mpo- 
verished state by a series *of exh sm on and rt a to the two remaining hypothe es pro- 
various methods of stirring it up and| Pounded by Sir H. Davy and Baron Liebig, it is 
ae that both may be called in to explain the 
exposing it to as of 
depth belo ou to the reve the rock from a certain 
agticultari 
meara n a lecture on sewerage which w 
ddira intl "dwelt so fu ally aa this eabjecy I will | 
pass on to cer Jk ~ 
virtues um, 
rofessorship on this subject, would not be fully 
tained, until the ile of it man og not only to 
retail ¢ information he might obtain mt book ee 
also to p ee it .by experiment, <a ce verify, 4$ 
well as extend, the E g he Sent have “derive 
ay ahh cl for instance, concur in asserting, that 
which contain the largest amount ot! 
INTERNATIONAL STATISTICAL CONGRESS. 
The foll red by Mr. Caird, M.P., Wa : 
: Sa läst by ‘the International Congress: 
gen Ay a i df Carn: 
| 
urces and extent of the probate raat ; 
in Si ST latitudes, Whea e staff 
a crop 
| prove uni unfruitful, there 
another year comes round. 
peg ba a oon ee 
on n other inveot pa tiani for w 
plot eee esta and may aaite Wessn there is one mode of nee ng gypsum much in | 
fee reve a te Sig's he at which seems only explicable on | 
3 iebi eee 
wit miner i two soils to be equally provided | ` This the practice of ising it in fine 
cle co ay mot an tor the deve powder nie the leaves of the ust rising 
ma oie eae advantage be | above the groun ich can sak besser te 
one over pin any other way than by them to to absorb 
of a mineral ammonia om ih the par persia 
The of plist d Gilbert seem to me! ting that on his farm the 4 of Clo by 
to favour, if not to tablish, this osition, since the | si tr the cation pean 
addition of samen ped "brought about, i any | fenis al ipii ss apa = var Be gigi m 
instances, an increased of ea the | of AAT to id 
k i a provide. Now this, he remarks, is far 
net pr ents preost | in Pes eon and c | than could have aeon furnished by the va 
que ly roducing a more abun amount = rain which falls in g the bl 
Fp i 
» however, , fally inik “whether land 
duly i 
áe m would absorb, not only the am pdb ia| B in this which 
s Kfir sdr tha i n e as ei pree | brought d ao by dig rain oa also aba always present | | Be i F E ‘the = ah pia of 
> in the e ti h . Ni 
ae ore F- aborting f on the atm atmosphen ere so | D E Chitin ae z kar wen ine Á at ground in conse larger | ume m be 4 aA cn ce also Fhe E 
i 5 : , 
them independent animal m slat res, pr to so cate] tained i ai prions gratis the an nt ir ther 4 which followed bev bge Poi i 
Ret Ether horal Panas ih aa a ti Aa i 
ai E + a eh ee å confidence in this root as a prin pal article of food. 
vn BIP ai dee yh Porte Pleione aienea gradual return of healthy crops is anhappilj 
a ng peor this treacherous root to the too confident? 
‘Tt is e erty however, that all this is merely co bat tió peasant a received by the 
oe and =e there wt room for ex! Sanita working classes, a greatly increased consumption ard 
| ly what plants are chiefly | Ups 
egies ay tea aed under ts t ddnatidi consequent. Ogee Ne a E “ 
Serri: 
of the soil its application is in genet is t efficacious. 
*©On the, Occurrence of Fluorine in Recent as wal 
‘ossil Bones.” —AMemoirs of the Chemical Society, 1845. 
se 
of life, 
| 
