872 | THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. (Serrewnen 29, 1860. 
eaaa MP aar oF thes.) nis country a little kingdom employed in the ooir 
t determi o , taking the Chair, Mr. BAZLEY sai id—Gentlemen, I would not | have in this country a little kingdom employed in th 
s — of fr n= pavers te vera "ot the have presumed $0 summon this meeting if I had not been | tion vot ae of ag He and of usefulness fom he tnt 
taki y q urgently pressed by influential friends to invite Cotton spinners, | Cott Well, from havin, e some hundred years ago ni 
other propera as well. In my opinion it is | and those interested in the great staple trade of Lancashire and | mec zë nical agency w. po a ever, we find that at the Present ti 
only has ar: aR 15 to 20 years old that these proper- | t : eae E args to ae me the aeolian, Cs ae | kr i pr ard i yarm fewer than $3, 33, 000, 000 spindles in ie 
Hh | su , and how best to encou its grow com X are of corres) 
ti ently marked to determined with ae therefore, rather as representing the trade than myself. | extent. We have an industry employing, in fixed wd Boating 
. O a tree s age bea I confess my + that, having ut about 1000 | investments, and ae all the ramifications where pital 
it, or more, ecg of lars, there are a more gentlemen p ssent repre mting = is applied, counsel ak indirectly with sa 
large spinni manufacturing establishments of this | industry—a sum pro of noi 
the same age, but o of a a di rere: “rarcety, wie eer an But. -anas pel aain sni iii from a distance here, who | Now, with a trade of this magnitude; w tha 0. 
averaging for five or six E kri eee than 10, 15, Or | come among us sympathising with our object, and whatever has risen from not having had an existence at all a century i 
20 re ie which of these v may be the result of our deliberation and action this day, I feel | to the p ent mome we find that we haye ture 
ence ? Undoubtedly to the more productive me, pernis ose Ih 4 e pnay a ae n ed | pi joo ne of pests Seperng s upon ab Bs 15040 00, 
an rtan mblic and co i 
Perhaps pepo. will: per : oo to ipa he | is it discreet fo commercial country p a it aaf 
redar In bot the profit attached to the latter would | oni È thi rtant industry in which Lancashire i source of supply—and that a foreign source—for 
P origin of this impo ry F the chief 
be like that of ip wine, whilst the return of the | engaged. It is singular enough that precisely a century ago | par raw material? (Hear, bear.) If, unhappily, some 
former would be hat L Medoc, which is not less | the ladies and women of aa were engaged as spinsters, great calamit should arise ; if disease should attack the black 
aaa alit Thi Si ation, producing Cotton yarn by the aid of the distaff and spindle. | population of the United States of America; if a revolt sh; 
2 etre ae ke 1: te A my na sf fen nit tr Machinery atthat time as conn nested with the Cott: as | occur there ; if tempest should destroy a crop, what 
PP nown; and it was only in the year 1767 that Hargreaves | nation should w hear on the part of statesme: merchants, 
e. | was enabled to complete the first invention that x = = > og E 5 KEA Ba ca e ogli 
the name of | and culpability of so 
à e h calthines, hardinesy, and ‘the ine bat p4 E S the same ns T was engaged | lation, arranged for a more regular and less fP Api fe 
cossively 4 gan! nie of growth are the other ine ndcatonring to produce another machine called the “ water | of this great raw material l “(oud Applanso.) nen he 
properties which, wi magine, constitute the real me: kita frame,” an nd now generally known as the “<throstle.” These | tion arises, what is the duty of the trade er such circum. 
of t n Be it t the fruit being of course | two machines were brought out almost simultaneously, about | stances? What RE o be done? Your 0 Cee of Co; 
every sa 3 y oi uit tree, the iru S a 769. In 1775 Crompton happily invented | merce has often atone to provide a remedy, The ri 
beauty, sufficient size, and other indis. as yee? 4 pieri know well, is simply th © combina- | Supply Association bas been called into existence, a ge 
penarie qualities iii boning | tian! Bor Broo machin, he jenny and, tas | pean ost pdoe aat Pred tia tm aa A 
: à s: n 5 took him 10 ure that impor u supplies ; but ime hay K 
` Itisat the of a full. g m tree ee inti i camels Mog aa seh ‘erage? was complet What was | adequate to the exigency of the position in wih eae 
season, that these Thee the can a me bé = KOAA of the population of Manchester at that time, -e placed. And now I submit, the time has arrived for more 
settled ; it is there thal the sort of soil wa which ‘the tury ago? I believe there were not 30,000 people located in | active efforts. J has often been suggested that the Cotton 
this important city and i immediate neighbourhood ; now Hea sp inning intere Lan agp should, ey a example, become # 
less vourat ture mod i district not fewer than 5 so -vasi rectly RS, or the encourager of the grower of ) 
fa ble a of th of the situation, a ond tl tor a iy agar a iaa consequent upon the introduction of this | Ministers of State have often said, when Sona ste 
pi it im t manufacture into Lancashire. (Hear.) In 178ta few | ceeded from Lancashire to complain about the rent 
cession There, too, it may be gh whether | sample bags of Cotton came from the U aa piata of pi ae: aney, ot ba ge Nay sept me of out Government, “Why 
the var ink "beard its frait in preference en e spurs | and, asif inspired by some prophetic necessity, during the pert on’t you take an sa 
with which the principal Pal sence re studded, n on | to which Tha ve Ar rete, Watt was engaged in maturing, | show that good Cotton can be produced, and that you are pre- 
7 PR goes ». improving, and Petejan the resources of vapour, and | pared to receive such supplies as that country can afford?” 
the laterals, which have been bubjedked to pinching or h steam engine. About that time, | I fear that on many occasions the quality of the Cotton that we 
spplying os m stim a es to the gin n that we 
breaking for two, three, or four successive years. Does | 1434. the steam engine was matured. Well may it be said | have received from the East Indies has been very unjustly 
i s never before adorned the | depreciated. From my own knowledge very excelle 0 
the fruit present a uniformity p mote and size? Does | that’ such A century of anra p nt Cotton 
the ski ooth, or doe rack without history of trade and commerce as the period from 1760 to 1860. | can be had from the East Indies. I know that as good Cotton 
Hest Poan kt Pas ee oE, Saar. (Applause). Well, if we look at the extent of Cotton consumed re fare had a the East Indies as from thi tates of 
cause existing in tock, or id WE il being of too | by human hands, we find that at the commencement of the Only a few days ago I meeting of 
l e, or moist a nature ? the fruit in pro- | lasi ablyone million poun: ae i a be ote the Cotton Sup A pply a oe a very beautiful speciaion ot Sot: 
at i i i hich was on! e dawn e uite equal to the c: m argely consumed of th 
portion y Dia : ter ss ben es ei oe Se Tian eve, ‘the Senbaraptl m had ri “3 to | Orlean: uction ; and this aiea ipri p e > 
ripening ? Before these poin ts can e ermined 1% | 50,000,000 lbs. In 1859, when the trad ind = Cotton Supply Association has brought into the room a very 
must be evident to any one t urgently requiring Cotton, the import a ound | beautiful specimen of East Indian Cotton. The thi wants 
tion are necessary. mbers to 1,200,000,000 Ibs. The early a of Cotton grappling with. We have more land in the British possessions 
h were used in this ry came from the British West | capa! le of yielding an abundant supply of Cotton than any 
e! po 
nw 
baal whic! co 
Ih nA kek de iy theg ne nee Pears and Ap pee Indies, from the French and Spanish colonies, the Dutch and | other counti SSi ` r 
bait the è rs than in the preceding | portuguese colonies, and and Turkey. These early | Cotton is grown, do not yield that.Cotton because it is indi- 
bi y are completely exhauste ed. America at that | genous tothe soil. The Uni! +o Berens end not produce that 
O~ 
three yrs SE Masha bo ge a Cotton atall; and “otton from Anglo-Sax: bataie: 
i riod did not send us any Cotton atall; and now we are n from Ang! on or bour, y 
aie t ag the t The Inve th hi at 11 vitho 1B saan alas ost exclusively dependent upon the United States ee ong imported African labour, by which they give us the immense 
eatin a the wi ind, was ic CEN withou! cam ot great consumption of this necessary ry article. Protectio: soppy of ae that we DE Ke The Americans, by 
eiri 3 part sugar, I pau: expelled the cultivation of Cotton from g eir extraordinary energy, bly receive in the 
previously d amaged in "| British West Todi and the British ewe ce gg ho ee not lees Sr o Stra stenting for ee oe whicl 
observ root of co ee evil, has much to answer for, an origina in so extrao: linary a manner from planted 
ry of t = that i ia a 1857, 1858, and Lye deli’ DA o attribute to the mistaken policy of our *Govern- | in ew soil, and cultivated by imported labour. , 
several ai were blown down y the | ment, at that e as ae dependence that we now owe to Great "Britain and the sons ie England can do what their 
wind, I ee : onght to eh mention Net Bye arity in | America for the y of Cotton. The Cotton cultivator has | and relativi anaes en across the Atlantic, There has been too 
the y given he had many dish pk ae causes of complaint, for when Cotton much supineness on this question. I bce that tho pines 
Chronicle eA as kiet, 1860; re this year the | was first pated: the prices of it were exorbitantly high, but and pte ot aan of this any 2 one Pia! t with 
uit : So Tae ca in. tha md dle of now they are brought. x Soe to very moderate ge audaca. Sorin, amai dantly from other parts 
Just for the purpose of re ing our memories, fer to of as a ty, po “hey” m 
J À y inni out more than 180 offthe course ear have ee from me the oe as po Aad ye erien, or any — — source sane hos a = 
tho: h ha i o H a entic records, up to the pre moment. In imes I express the obligatio; i is coun! under t 
ae Witich had wet, and sino thier ingl ‘American Cottons had essentially displaced all others, and sit the United States of America for th ply of the raw material 
one has fallen up to th tt gh y | 
p ne prevens mao = ugi | Boweds and Orleans in that year were- worth er lb. | that we have so abundantly received ; for without that supply 
the tree nan been vi eget me ken. * have, therefore, | We have no record of the price of East India Cotton, known by | of the raw material, and hi hy that has prevailec 
thonght it my duty to t, on the first opportunity, | the name of Surat. In 1808, the eed Bangis +n — in Fnglish kare and xegulajió 4 honid a4 —_ se 
i j ad risen to 30d., or 2s. 64, r lb. at year, lieve | vast and pr èin ry t i the fortune o! J 
gome d 5 s statemen ai Te! ‘on n this fel whe there were political influences at work—the French navy a d to poss am glad to find that in there isa 
op will r egree tR th ay be i a s to pio pry other oad ses rendering imports dificult—to make the price | disposition to revive the gro h of Cotton. Thae xi a ee 
wi ripen, and whether aioe keping winter fruits | unusually high. In the same y: urat was at 24d., or 2s. | man present who. is tr; gto fi company for the gr 
will acquire their fall and ur. The solu m of | per lb. From 1820 to 1824, the prices ranged from 12d. for | of Cotton in Jamaica ; and it y remarkabl Aiie 
‘he: uestions will our h t: American, to 9d. for Surat. In 1825, a year of great exci | th resent k the Cotton Supply, Association hay receivé 
y5 havin ag- sen ment and "great speculation, the price of American Cotton was | an important communication from a gentleman of the ood, of 
lete! 
the fol- 
nt c 
20d., Ming Surat stood at 16d. In 1827 the i of American her, a missionary, who has stro pra pe Ha, ayy 
1 tary 0 iation, in 
t 
shall xjor this bbe Be n the course of this month. ven oe R ar ôd; Paige bier can 10d. ie t es Tar, A rei ry of the Jamaica Cotton Suppl, 
z $ 3 mervican 97., Surat, 5 merican ura 3 1859, owin, g EEE oika 
bavi es iie a fi i eel os as fruit, Straw m 74d., Surat 54d. per Ib. Of course these prices are “I hav arrival here last month, Be! bringing 
> ave ery ne, © avour, approxima te, Docta: here were fluctuations in the respective | the subject “of “Cotton growing | eid "the attention of our 
abundant from the 10th of Jun we ie the 20th of| years that quoted to disprove these figures; but, I | small native farmers, and I am happy to state that they seem 
July. Out of a collection of more than 60 sorts bee Ta ore ie irly select But during the latter | deeply interested in it. spp tion is madè from day. er 
Constante has, during the last four yea’ ved t few years there have been extraordinary fluctuations. 0 r Cotton seed. The people have no doubt at all as hat 
g me Y CREE: riods ican Cotton of fair good quality has been sol growing of Cotton, but they are somewhat donbtfulas to w! 
on account of the abundance, beauty, and flavour | Jow as 33a. r lb., while Surat has been at 3d!, 0 n | to do it after they have it. Ih rned W 
of the berries. “It is not only an excellent dessert kind | under. Now with these extreme difficulties, I believe that the them that they have again and ag: disappointed 
bokal also one hiii is el adapted for the ket, and Cotton planter has not legitimate encouragement, and parties who ed them to grow Cotton, for whic! never 
m y 
EE “ae i shen sis ‘i on steadier rate of prices might have impelled him to proceed in got a farthing. The le have never had a regular market 
planta garon. fi pee sarely be made. the cultivation of this important article., Still; we have had an | for Cotton, nor gins, &c., for p ring it for the ger me 
; but, depending as we have me or two sources | in a few s their who 
and Garant ts have a katad ; but, depend: hav o: t not.a few cases their whole labour has been in vains nr 
well; and so have Cherries. A nba of the | of sup ly. I alters that the oe igee in price are to be | it grill take Sie little time to nu eir full confidential the 
Tat aren attributed to that y limitation. (Hear.) But coming scheme. x ae have two gins as soon as yo et Se 
rank Tt i igh t as holds a pace i in tl e first | the consumption of Cotton during the last year, we find that Sepia 1 that we are ready for their Cotton, Tiai 
x Lae a, recommended on aceon of | America su pease weekly with 36,625, the Brazils with 2046, patiently. waiting for it. I have the utmost assurance ser 
A ee producti both on the Wild Cherry ae and Egypt with 1800 bags, making our foreign supplies into | success, only take the right. ertainly I canion pe 
Miko b stocks, as w as for the beauty and flav rt) ,531 bags. year-we used weekly of our Indian Cotton the people 1 ‘for ae growing Cotton, for they have not á 
of see 3504 bags, s, Lof West vest mdian only 132 page meakiy: making of | encouragement to eo cE oot now ; and, a with guo n 
British supply bags wee! ; showing a wee! con- | ing so with a, in amaica. , k 
“ain of and other ma foe — sumption of 68,107 Uns ot ia the y te A ia een be don e for the emanci 
of the C Sra heie 
ch, 
of 2,296,700 bags; Wi s energies to influenc® 
1, 000 Ibs. ‘OF this g of | exercise, and to develop the reso t these golden islands 
800,000,000 Ibs., came from He tnike rane States of America ; fom | We We Spee get that the West India Tslands eet sail us with 
that thi r A 
eee “oe m 
decay on uninjured. Early 
and Apea aittona they have attained their an, a 
are late in i siiis other foreign places 120,000,000 Ibs. ; whilst, from the colonies orë Cotton than n this country jui 
res, OF 
Tourists who m ay vi t the markets of Brussels, that | and dependencies of Great Britain, we only received 8 per cent. requires; for, I have esata to of 
formeriy, th the county of York, if in a suitable climate or in 
suitable a could produce more Cotton D we 
Great Britain ; and surely there are hun 
of St. Gery, the armet wholesale me ot a 
and that of La Madeleine betwee n 9a nd 4 
1) F 
on i} fam at 004 rial ei = in it, rate of up s of | British terion 5 Y yet we are in the mii orig ae s 
f it ti and that its popula’ 76,000, 000. pe “im a: er annum. e commerc return | position that tated. (Hear.) We have hopes : 
1 x kttotAut J- p $i Ta Ta fa eeded that last tyan and, I have no doubt; it will one it | with Africa, but it E not e intention to bring the chim o 
Sent. 3. 2? ~ ng, EISELE; this y oar, It is not a little remareabie that the industry o of the | Africa before your attention this morning. I must leave “isre 
op Cotton trade, with “its vast return, precisely indic the | in the hands good fi Mr, Clegg, whose presenca the 
TT eeu amount SE taxation to which the peopie of this aoe? are | this morning i ery cheering to us. With the aid made. 
arg OF PROPOSED COTTON BS ioe snbjected, our public revenue bei ngs tittle § in excess at the | missionaries there, I hope that progress be be 
HE TOWN HA LL, MANCH present time of 70,000,0002. sterling. There efore, when people | and that at some distant day the Africa prha 
talk of the amount of our taxation, thi il asily remember | emancipated from that degradation to which they formed 
ting on this subject, which we sage aa that our great Cotton industry just indicates its extent. Hear.) | fortunately subject. Africa nas wn Palm oil and reason 
it | a new trade within the last thirty years, and I 
and I see n9 
why Africa should not contribute hes? to the consum P fr. 
re Isay 
aiam aF st: i Jo “Manchester Town Hall, on ee Sept. = 
ugh Maso ffords to the people of this particular district. I compute that frien 
in the spinning, weaving, mechanical, and other factories, | of the Cotton of the world, t to my i dia must , 
inel bleach works, printing works, and all the auxiliary | Clegg, that I wish (han x St (Hear, , hear.) gee Je Te 
t t have immediate connection or sympathy with the | be the great field of cultivation. There are Si h im 
Cotton trade, we are employing in this sources there, that if s be formed, if na re be A fair 
p! ly than one million persons, men, women, and children : coved, if irrigation be had recourse to, and if the with 
and that four n fi none nes of persons have direct or indirect | la nure, and the employment of reasonable ag ony 
nterest in ind We have in fact a n ple | the exercise of ae a ig industry, there 
thi pers gr ra upon oe Cotton industry equal to | but great su ecess mus ps com 
the population of the kingdom of Bolsium. „(Hear.) “Well | vatin Sr Cotte la o (appiause.) From the repon reff. 
indeed, may the Americans sa; tat  Qotton is king,” fe we | nected with the intended improvement of the river 
