920 THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. [Ocroner 13, 1860. 
are derived trom up ox, and 1 ton 12 wt. trom the | general rule can be suggested fi ermining th 
— * About 24 pasa or any Penn ile por aid down for 
yard: y treated to a iko from the | their im “oe ; Ro Ry drainage where it is 
sta ble-ta |r equired, orn 1 lib si - treatment to compensate 
for i natural sngeatfl péar of the soil. 
Fifty or of beast, fattened in covered yards, will 
produ 
uce in six months— he aspect considerably a bee: ed for the bett 
a 
is exem 
Railway 
mplified in the many swallow hane 
plified many swallow holes near 
Tilekurst and A k ae iti ta hice 
strata in situ. ng e Gre 
cutt 
at SATE A nd on the Ho 
tern 
berati 
as hia i as the numerous brickfields, a6: the geolo. 
s 
g up of 
gic k 
which has ‘added so much to the fertility of the chalk 
dis 
Voided by the animals ete i Te ing sands. The outcropping beds of Phi is clay occupy sa ich this as other sandy 
Litter (241lbs. per head daily) .. .. 100 nearly |a large portion of this = and t ort tert Sa wee , nar y the disease 
"25 form irregular slopes with a aried surface of low | in nips, kno Anbury or Fingers and Tocs. 
42% tons of du: lat undulations, occasional platea 3 ee rounded escarp- | Presenting 3 ser ious ous drawback t the pr ofitable cultiva. 
ments, w y be traced fror dsor onsumption 
The sa same stock j in open yar ‘nt produce | Pa k to the ground above Reading, and the low hills | of roots is essential to maintain a proper rotation of 
Lior @Sibs daly) : aS over-hanging..the Kennet ta the se haa crops, and the production of corn. m that an 
Litto = = -: $o boundary of- the - county a p ivested ee effectual remedy is found in a liberal application of the 
covering of drift it forms = tenacious | chalk, which in most cases may be inking 
soil, affording useful pasture ant ‘yielding good through the sard, to which disease its pre- 
= -_ of mixture, to be. carted to a heap ; aud Sa rae under careful chberalem anagem Wh sence and intens ere elsewhere it ay be 
Thi g i ter-t | properly drained and worked it Gees pet t gh the geological stratum on which it is 
ting of 50 head of ttle, in n covered | ae Wh eat, Bang and Oats, as well as heavy root crops, prevalent, This is so in the iron sand in Oxfo; shire, 
t fe 7| which from tbe nature of the soil pini be fed upon | where i is foun most destructive form in 
Sik, at Mr. Horsf’ estimate, 35s. per ton, to tte Eerad in ane Many parts of this stratum, 
r covered with flint, gravel, drift, or on the steer 
fici ent man 
which 
- s hose 
spota where the sand is not covered by calcareous drift. 
If the chalk on only T ‘reached on the spot, at a 
at v 
surcharged with water, or where the 
pa i in neers deep, the carriage of the chalk 
estio: 
a qu estion of expense; in this case it has 
I conclude this part of the subject by observing, that a kag pRa farmed.in. a slovenly and i ine 
the poner use of straw as litter 18, to a feos a The want of drainag tala 
comfor able bed, and to. absorb the excrements of t the | here are many exceptions “where small holdings are | becom 
stock. ea = economically - med by persons 
the bed on which the animals lie i is covered Mr. Ever- | indust try ¢ measure — — 
shed in the Journal pee 
To be continued. J 
mpensates in som 
capital ; otha portions are well farmed by 
but the general rule is sm: all and Srregatarly shaped 
enclosures surrounded 
ew eig 
THE NT OF sone se ai large qua a —_ ts hedgerow timber, v hicl 
Oak, A i 
ness lime, of which the same quantity i is only half 
becom 
bt; the chalk or other lime stone 
the 
lighter ie the evolution of SE acid in the Sand 
of k i 
h the parin gs of banks, the scrapings o 
it is appl 
EV. J. C. CLUTTERBUCK ak, Ash lm, and t 1 tl 
neath tt a as os variety of soil either tn or im- 
to the l 
and. A Abed yori is due to „the soil, the 
be 
des its growth. In many cases one value of tl 
II. THE Forest ‘Drinit —The e natural divisions of | PS g ji y 
the county, ERT by Mavor, are the Vale, the sunber must equm 1E NOGE of the vat of the land, 
Hill, and the For The Vale comprises the portion : 
be 
tenant, 
scraping 
Lime in any F form“ is effective, especially the 
of roads formed of calcareous gravel. 
Mavor ma akes the valley of the Kennet a distinct 
hough it calls for a separa 
ill i 
chalk dana ea chalk nie “bounded by the Kennet. 
we will include it, for convenience sake, in the forest 
any | district. 
It has been already remarked that this valley 
The Fo Pay wae: a ee exception, is bounded by the ao sos ded. hanes tie aoe 
— at Ai Ege cag the Boe! Seer af | doing so destroy the charm of a ekettenucioetl anl 
is the favoured residence of very many persons whose 
r 
sands, the Traa and Plastic clay, represe nting the 
nna ia It is filled with deep beds o anig 
which give it a pocalianity of siaracter. “OF old thi 
tertiary series, in the Forest. The Chalk, Need Green- $2 She tonlbivation df nee y barren: or st 
were of great value, as supply of fuel ami 
zya pent 
bbo anu ne 
sand, Gault elay, t OERA tar pbi “ee home es AA soil. Mr. Caird has said so mink of the farm in ances moore filled 1 up aed now a i 
n that it calls for some remark. It has no natural! more profitably Planted with ‘Ostet ‘his gives a fen- 
ire reroll series nthe Hl an Vale ri attractions for the a of a. The portion | like aspect to the valley. In some fae speciai 
baral a atdutera:aifd: cotinine -within thoi the g pret the consists 0 eep hungry flint | the higher parts of the valley, water meadows 
aap Panic tis eck haai 3 the. caltivation’o ravel, a requires all the help that the ample | out; in others the natural character of the soil forbids 
öf thë midland ‘counties: of- Enlai i adk to tock once ke the farm by Sir John he rate their formation. The geological section of the beds 
adopt the order ested ‘iv thé cenlavical aene of could gi e it. Not kindly for Stele or Barley ; ther ic the subsoil over chalk are peat allu- 
the county, VEE with faa nage Oe tertiary, and bia n a marvellous application of pi Keg vium, shell malm, an ; 1 e 
ding in the oner of atrain tothe Bár ail fortliors to extract | rom aes a i the ane. aes of | depths. In some places 1 
setondar es abd thas brin Maer noting eiri of ill tion is little raised above the drainage level th 
the stant Aryicn ee of the firni of Berkshire wep eet much of their manah aama on be ove 
practised upon and suited to thee aa ne stock kept is PANE A to geor the bane of | lowering the subterranean water to sufticie ent 
The Forest District first claims our attention. e land- The upper part of a farm; s-vather woe: 
below the cultivated soil. 
wh 
th 
2 clay, is a more grateful soil, and is on an average 
sed ibe ip be o oy. Te le A role Bin wa | the surrounding: land, which is swell farmed on a liberal 
Forest once extended up the Valo ort the Kennet to “ar fi 
Hungerford, and that the tra rested by ne farm buildin, with Rik R and scienti c 
charter in 1226. The buun i wes afterward con- 
| feeding stock, which was th e system carried ov = its 
1 till 1813. Loddon was its limit, until in the | femer owner, o = ms fe the accounts of this 
= losure ist Geaa ee gah 3 farm shou mpted to invest largely in land of a 
Bagshot sands, the London and Plastic a formations. 
The Bagshot mg heed take their name from the th 
wild an d barren t tra s known as Bagshot t Heath, and 
extend 
similar cheaters they should be earefal Reis to 
, be for hey 
The lo mea e A gestogieal series “ot the Forest 
trict is t clay formation. 
The n 
apital it 
on the southern bo ane ary of the 
ae dis À 
The aspect s5 this, district age the ea authorities = Woo iwieh a eran 
ok thee fixing it as characteristic nk s part of. Ber kshire. The 
sand to a ten ree ere Fie hg se oe = a xi oue aaa PO S 
p a e i = % 
flinty drift, offer’ little’ attractio tie lal formation, which is covered more or less with the 
argillaceous flinty gra widely spread over the 
capital of. the appina oa Tn ees” they one of the tertiaries reas chalk beneath them. The 
lay and sand of yE a this ser sts be 
not vi 
of the hills. 
dt 
agric entra produce has found a a place here for a 
ta a 
num mae 
leading “ihe 
springy ground, or agricultural Peet to one 
J 1 
ancient 
eighbourhood and a of Wokingham 
in the Forest district is noted for he dibek of fowls, 
mostly of the Do ring | br veda woe are bred, reared, 
l 
l 
d, m find a ready sale to London and other 
lately disf 
smallness of Pat Pico the little 
on E 
ver nated ctive _ The 
tracts occupied by the Bagshot sands, which overlie the 
pon oee “his re the London clay, are well 
pee of e "sage? of some by 
va ich carry the discharge 4 
onite the Rua n a 5 "Suoroagh 1 draining, 3 hin ies consists ma This has been done at Bear Wood, where a large be 
' a sete the pt Mn is Ta sonar | traded more or less from Maiden Se o Hungerford to | is formed b as construction of a dam penning 
é them, together with Many eases i of iS ondor, ay south of the komet thoug is not gree to | the water i all neath the house. The 
hi 
bree tal is bow undary. Pte op me portions wre a 
> 
i a per centa and 5 t. re- sii pping 
shay lag creo ay ina bax, e chalk ; this makes it very 
some piece of wile thus formed serves the dou! 
bp 
aigi ble breadths of land have | (29, big > A 
ate aa and fair root crops, dict to deine it extent 
e 
of ornament and | turning a large overshot-wheeh _ 
threshing, and 
5 mill, 2 
: x e it is in situ, or aerel ae A ny sand | agricultu ural peni inry In angue re adaptation 
aati mit oe id by a aie tex. drift, traces of both t marche Stans north as the tae ‘arming purposes, W 
“emp i wi whi 7 daherebly poverty- summit of Si or Wittenham ta aas ea liber cultivation of the rather 
tri ee to egist ton of A Ste e [38 a Capping of fy = race shige ae of 10 feet | unin s sois of the Sen oped drift and, gps pea 
Much i is yall occupied i Fir and ge i plantacions — ese renege rie — — sin Eee st Hoe of the 
eath. fact that it za Be AE eerie i s 
ye = narn : o ga Fa water he ds supply of | | Ba oe ws Ay andel ra beds mais which such Jand is pon a ty el rved 
ondon these sands and gravels bespeaks i i already that _improvement in this district must come 
a oo, of soil extending along the banks of t 
its | mixed 
springy s golgi Though Sram leading features Ay drift that the very valuable land near Reading a “dus, 
s geo 
lowe middle beds Thames, near Maidenhead and Pangbourn, and on either | character that no tenant, with the balling, d tenure, 
are recognized, no bank of si Fera aga the oon in which this be ex pee to sink his capital in chalk 
* Mr. Lawi si aa me = he ae a his ior xe, of river finds 
A ms in months. e one state y i 
th p (To be continued.) ar 
small Sdoneee a Tshould. pues entiaipated fron gutta | | ere these are found in re their nc posi- eee 
being out at work during s many hours. As far as I co ul | ‘ton ee the ae = bricks, pete WAY 
as much as 2b pe pans eee ee averaged quite e, in a locality where there is A PICTURE FROM AN AMERICAN RAIL 
as much Por, day and if this be the case, the he horse | |s none cs building purposes; ae | where draining is ee it ig for 
up 6 tor ai S ER ssential. When the surface of these clays is covered | THE country betw nd Detroit a 
lera The exact weight of water left in the dung cannot easily | with gravel, water is upheld in sufficient t qantitios for | a long time, like ay the and of Uaia r Canada, stamps 
Sigion enmeshed k om fal om a yard and some runs off; but! ordinary purposes; when saser o rid of this eies cultivated —: e the black gnarled 
eight such yar elaia bier hah ib Has et ae. ata and if w water for agricultural drainage, it may o n be easily burnt Pines ack up ike t mbs! — tones of the ne oa 
a 2 eu 
595 fone Fe ame ‘ae g TE ad by deat tone or pin- AE TRE disposed of by piercing the ‘clay eu reaching the sand | loon dark md mournfally upon pstart fe meadow 
r chalk beneath, and so finding a ready ania This 
n Corn ben neat th. Sometimès it is 
The first steps are of such a E A 
