’ ai 
NOVEMBER 17, 1860. | 
LAND DRAINAGE AND OUTFALLS.—No. II. 
{Mr. Denton’s first mei on <p a will be found 
closed oes imine editorial iter on this 
ne a aa oe infor on and facts 
of a 
THE GARDENERS’ 
of produce of as many thousand — 
disabled from taking advantage under- draining 
the 
CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE, 
s of corn are | anomal: 
g by ow 
ej anomalous that no such facilities exi of enablin: 
ners in dis tricts to unite in carrying 
interposition of a single plot 
ro drainers’ works, 
ner who would provide for 
while he would obtain profit himself. 
the way; 
of | 
, and bids pi ERA to thei impr oving | 
increasing Population | E e ion. 
phan 
the heavy cost and cumbrous provisions of s 
But as my present object is to draw attention to the 
bearing oar’ sity of a g are leg’ seed castle stands in an ‘Boglishmas’s freehold ! | erying necessi ity for improved facilities for deep and- 
measure such as T ventur ra to urge in my ORAA pon which, though it be } t, secur 
munication. Let add my earnest wish that t water upon “thousands of other acres, we | t th ore ready discharge for sste waters, I 
country should bestir itself in tim tl ty we will ‘not provoke objections by enlar; rging upon the 
fe cro 
ing observed, however, that grievances of this 
charactor are “seldom removed byt tan force of general | © 
pi D ani raph mi 
ra and ineflic ient drainage 
What is the present effect of tgs state of things ? 
ory 
mobi nage y, apply. ` The clay soils—the Wheat 
and br ead producing soils, which require 
opinio ut remain till one str a the e | inenpability of “obtaining a proper gee a pops oceupy for the most part. the higher grounds, and it is. 
matter cigar Ta “afi d we m pase owners. aug) Hanh in order that | well re ini the springs that pow from the out- 
influence than the power of t blic voice t t pr gaes er may bear whole expense of fs crop o a find vent at high lev All I would: 
gene asure. “ “ What is -everybody’s business is werk and i ek freque: atly pfam s that the r laim for 
may his. be the po hand to take it up and carry it 
through. | him 
finish to dis; 
nterprising landowner, Pel than suffer an imperfect 
e his improvements, ta taken upon 
ing la rge sums of money in ridding tn higher ‘lands. 
of injurious waters is, ee bi A cen not be debarred 
| from effective disc! into t 
elf his “pig ours “a as ee as his own. ral outfalls by the- 
The object, indeed, is so large if all ee beincluded,| II. The second difficulty I would seen on is the Vite apy of a neig hbo e e the insuf- 
that no piirata member of Parliament can be expected | present nsatiafetony stat of the law: of are, Lela to t 
ake i e Lord Morpeth (now Lord = — _— urses. One can n hardly reconcile | common water-w. ways. 
Carlisle), gg oy ery wet winter of 1852, brought | our vance under draining with} Ina fu rare letter I will endeavour to point out the 
rd a comprehensive measure dealing m yA gren the et ‘the A = cannot pom yg widen, deepen, or legislative means by which the aoe difficulties may 
mills, millowners, and all mi inor evils, and i t as far | straiten any pu watercourse passing through the be overcome. J. Baile ey Denton, M. Inst, C.E, 52, Par- 
and was y Deale property of another person without his consent, h | liament Street, Westminster. 
Mr, Ker Seymer in 1856 brought in a measure which, | less can we oblige him to do it, though its condition 
s to be i 
pag from its operations mill streams, and the 
ast and more difficult questions affecting ‘tidal 
ith those i 
be 
—but they all failed to reach m = aye 
no doub bt, to the magnitude of the oleae the obstrnc. 
ng 
and | 
tr 
e tha 
e the 
vious, 01 
among fa pokus themselves. But at the time of 
those attempts the vast ane profitable r thas as of under- 
could 
peenty 
for ad reen notico— the uncertainty ani 
delay i f obtaining a warrant from two justices in petty 
session: ap airy mal annoyance Ze appearing as an 
influence upon Parliament. Ee we ie bad 15 years 
hich h 
» h all’ intelligent men, who 
before “Toubted the advantages, converts to deep and 
eighbour who, peradventure, may be a 
icone himself ; the disagreeable 
a Boo aia for costs and expenses, 
Plates 
cannot be separa ted from, as, indeed, it is greatly 
eepening, 
widening, dee 
jand nA at ipu such as es sallow and tortuous, with- 
ig erfe 
dependent upon, LA outfall question we are now 
wet th 
cussi ng. I year 
bill, s oh vedi as it was, apon the pikontion 
w fro 
hort 
of the legislature, or as there 
ae 
at forced Lord | The 
ied | character to thes 
7 
i 
THE AGRICULTURE OF BERKSHIRE. 
BY 
THE REV. J. C. CLUTTE 
Conti 007. 
—The tenacious jaN of the Gault 
ia “Ehumerage tm gives a distinct agricultural 
ay ja spoken of 
n of SAO, 
is Snown ra st, per aon as a er er of 
Range wnat it very 
1 band t 
e 
neatn t or 
in either rong, and in the 
fatter fertile soils The e gault is exposed among other 
places he Didcot station, and presents a peculiarly 
uninv nero 
was enac 
parks of rough and apparently unproductive soil, 
upo: C 
Lord Tinel s Act into operati 
A lai ndo owner Saya at the <i sessions of ——, in 
very Bi lity “4 
unlike 1 tha 
"of agricul 
ti 
Cae 
hardly ay maid t are mfierng 
from ag effects. Pai a ae piso T aw 
summer in which the Tain fn CONARI Su 
me a circumstance! 
that 
under the 
ane Con a 
thy a aia the case, | 
n toi 
and and ao drift, with a surface soil containing 
„The | 
ii 
FE 
ces 
ne 
a 
an cleat tion A 
Am n carrier in 
eaw: d 
see their Conkipet 1 frie 
pos 
promising to nd a 
to p mon out the ditch without litigation. When the 
| landowner attended a fortnig ht afterwards he was 
vee Pach bi 
1 land. Persons passing t Sao ould scarce] 
believe t the Didcot corn market, lately establishe 
pred we aA calculate P effect 
To understand our ition 
SEE A 
ious corn exchange, is a centre ig the sa 
as 
ext year’s produce positi 
to ancipate the eanditipn of the wet lands next spring, 
I may ale hat in ar month of Angust, a he 
qu ole a infall of evapor: 
2.562 in Ta t ia esis 3 
= eae ing, t erk was instructed to search ent 
precedent, and the cals was again Parai It need, 
‘the = ae of some of the best 
Togied — erous and spiri Piras aina 
k the best qualities of Wheat, which fm y 
aire 
market to 
hardly be said that as no precedent was found th 
y 
the prvalng drought, evaporation was in excess of 
id not trouble aan self farther, and t 
ditch remains Arranger o this day. ow often iti is 
that ditch whic ch 
e same month pis BE so that tl 
he two years 
returns to the oc a 
yee Migi 
“4 feet under- ep oe n 
often not ai that depth ! 
In my 
have met with instances 
estates, 
own experience I| ing the outfa 
r the place alluded rs isa farm not long since 
cupied by an amateur farmer, whi 
bak which the inheritance has been 
dition will be, remains to x seen. 
RRS PRED We 
which offer such serious obstructions to soun oe and 
ertain works nder. 
drainage ata e when gre was himself unable to find 
et! i 
creditable enn of under drainage. It is my p 
object to bring those difficulties more prominently 
Nene the cake: 
he first was s the interposition of a neighbour’s 
d and the desired outfall, | 
ans. 
AC 
charged with the 1s 
e presents 
cally deeply se 
Pee a 
— lescribed o 
abel drai Hap 
of the — is but little exposed; near 
by 
Arift 
the silting up of “the outfall ‘ditch as perfectly as 
any on investi ga 
ton I found that the owner 7 
would n ot r remove nor allow 
rty h 
the ert 
n en wig to r ipeo 
we 
ka afford egr r the waters of dra nage, or ains 
passive, ee so Self-ovident am it is ern necessary, to 
draha The relief pie obtained is si mply |a 
“ie n easement or right of 
passage veces th a Td property upon 
for done. ie te 
tion. of railways the right to pass throug 
on the araci fle 
reedom ming w 
fe vente kingdom be co ie otel, y part ah > 
s the w i sea with t set amey, 
main tributa Ahi 
uld cut single drain, or dra 
te beeni at the lowest end of the one and 
ni the outlet, t of the ae in order to gi 
poe: ‘the es with t 
yi 
giva or less br to the brooks and rivers bei are 
bei hare: ly si te soare ished. Where this dri aie 
and is very fertile and not mirs to 
sur! rface of the Kim mmeridge clay. 
tl inclinat 
tion more- 
n 
natural catia be pet yen prove 
&e., Ien 
sing | Humes, Se» Iping een "Hor may sil be seen rr cnc 
pare pen 
ba To oe ey in under- | and hy soreness rooden plough = 
public mittees of bo the ‘ontfll ditches with the outlets of the main u an ; 
Parliament hardly bets the ating Heveice- of wil minor under-drains, a 
by private interest. Great a pare’ £ pJ: ersing this order of oper: AA on have launched The “hic are is too often confined to the 
railways, does her utmost to en her offspring. | into a Bi expenditure of money in inages are shallow drained between wide — 
Isthere not equal reason for granting a passage for | without any co consideration of the general system spreading oj deeply Liige lands, deceiving the 
i , by the discharge of which the produce Friston of y wor rks essential to an effective oS kA ma tee walk water, but ation conver T toa 
fi untry isso greatly incr 2 Does TES o perfect the h paiar 
not every intelligent clay-land farmer look to und HI. o third “difficulty I pointed out was bc ing 1a at poh often 7 ak a 
i i of the soil and the! which a majority of tigi a = lando wniers feel w! aeit pee d, with the paym ten cadena -e 
on of seasons resultin; m it, | they fin thn cannot 
means. by which he can meet the iner ro a dyah : iy. sequence of the objection or disability a a minority. | cent. for capital so pae sa If the di is to be made 
Py 3 and taxation; and still, with the example ith the experience we have had of the beneficial | it wou! manta ‘he Mass 1b Aai often buried in the proud 
of Lombardy ze its laws with r irriga king of the General Inclosure Act, un which two-| and the tenan es; t 
tion before many thousa nds oi of acres of thirds 4 jn valne can bind the remaining one- peas to rieta at ls. or Is. fd a i Mies 
land in this or capable of an immediate i open fields and common lands, it ears ' than the cost of the 
á 
