10 Transactions.— Miscellaneous. 
cause for such a difference being mainly that a systematic treatment of State 
forests had been adopted in Germany long before it was introduced into te 
and that the revolution or age of maturity of forest trees having been fixed so 
high as 100 to 200 years, according to species, climate, soil, ete., forests in 
Germany yield at the present time a larger number of trees, arrived at 
maturity and full dimensions, than those of France, thereby affording larger 
money returns. 
V.—Revenve or State Forests mw Europe. 
Return, showing: Column 1, the total area of State forests in each 
State; column 2, the annual acreage devoted to the fellings, as the com- 
puted total surface of the separate lots of ground where trees have been 
felled* ; column 8, State income per sales of the standing timber, as the 
exhaustive product per column 2; column 4, income per acre, per column 2; 
column 5, amount of the departmental expenditure under actual circum- 
stances special to each State; column 6, percentage of the expenditure on 
the revenue :— 
1 2 3 4 5 6 
NAME 
ta Income Amount Per 
oF Annual Income, | per Acre, of centage 
Area. Acreage, per per Expendi- oP- 
STATE. column 2. | column 2. ture Expendi- 
ture. 
Acres. Acres, £ £ b. £ Per cent. 
Bavaria .. sw | 0,000, 24,000 | 1,261,279 | 52 11 494,987 89 
d 
0 
Hanover..  ..| 591000| 4,728 | 408200| 86 6 0 
Saxony .. .. | 8,94,000| 3,152 | 350,000 |114- 6 O| 101,000| 29 
Prussia ..  .. | 6,216,500 | 49,732 | 2,100,000| 42 4 0 
France .. .. | 2,500,000 | 20,000 | 1,400,000} 70 -© 0 
Remarxs.—Columns 1, 3, 5, are taken from Captain Campbell-Walker’s reports on 
the forests of the German States, and for France the information is taken from the 
official returns, including ten consecutive years, up to 1870. 
For all of the above State forests, the average period of the revolution is taken as 
125 years. 
As a rule, the upset prices at the auction sales are calculated to allow one-third of 
the market value of the forest product as the share of the State. 
In Europe, as the demand for forest produce exceeds the supply derivable 
from State forests, the greatest care is taken to ascertain the capability of 
those forests and so to allow about equal annual returns permanently. 
* The working of high timber forests by thinnings, being intended to secure the 
natural regeneration of the forest, prevents at the same time the existence of large open 
spaces or blanks in the interior of the forest, which would prove fatal to the surrounding 
standing timber 
