180 Transactions.— Miscellaneous. 
a nucleus and an escaping envelope; in some cases, the envelope alone 
will exist. 
10th. This envelope tends to separate into three parts; the edge, which 
follows the general ring of matter, and two saucer-shaped masses at the 
extremity of the axis. 
11th. Impacts of large bodies are not mere pictures of small impacts, as 
all such energies as cohesion, latent heat of fusion and volatilization, 
dissociation, etc., are constants, which form but a small portion of the 
total energy in large impacts, and are large ratios in small impacts. 
12th. In all partial impacts there is a tendency to cause the escape of 
fragments beyond the range of effective attraction. Doubtless in all impacts 
some of the lighter elements may have molecular velocity sufficient to 
escape. 
18th. Also, in all partial impacts the coalesced mass is formed of parts 
of both bodies. 
14th. Partial impact, consequently, leads to a community of chemical 
material throughout the entire universe. 
I have now given a picture of the universe, drawn from absolutely 
independent observations, and also, I believe, a set of logical deductions 
from “ partial impact," and it will be in the knowledge of many here that 
these deductions were worked out before I had studied the construction of 
the heavens, as exhibited by modern research. We will now compare the 
result of astronomical observation with the theory of partial impact. 
1. Theory says, all matter of the universe should be common, that is, 
composed of the same chemical elements; observation shows this to be the 
case. 
2. Theory says, the chief of the matter should lie in one plane; 
astronomers say it does. 
8. Theory shows that at one stage, resulting from partial impact, the 
matter should be roughly in the form of a ring; naked eye observation 
shows it to be so. 
4. Deductions on principles of energy show that the axis of this ring 
should be the hottest; the sheets of nebula at the poles point clearly to this 
oe been the case. 
. The heat being as at the centre, the centrifugal force should be 
as Proctor says, in his essay on the universe, speaking of the origin of 
the polar nebulæ, that they may have been formed ‘through the influence 
of the same principle which makes the centrifugal force near the poles of a 
rotating globe less than that at the globe's equator ”—a really surprising 
remark, considering Proctor had no inducement other than actual observa- 
tion to make it. 
