314 ZOOLOGY— BIRDS. 



Whipple's Route, x, 1859, 30.— Henry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Plrila,, 1859, 

 107 (New Mexico).— Coop. & Suckl., P. R. R. Rep., xii, pt. ii, 1800, 207.— 

 Hayd., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, xii, 1802, 109.— Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. 

 Sci. Pliila., 1800, 90 (Fort Whipple, Ariz.).— Cooper, Birds Cal., i, 1870, 

 201.— Stev., U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1S70, 405.— Allen, Bull. Mus. Coinp. 

 Zool., 1872, 178.— Coues, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 150, pi. iv.— Snow, Birds 

 Kan., 1872, 11.— Merriam, U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1872, 080.— Bd., Brew., 

 & Rido., N. A. Birds, ii, 1874, 159, pi. xxxiv,figs. 1, 2,3.— Yarrow & Hen- 

 SHAW, Rep. Oru. Specs., 1872, Wheeler's Exped., 1874, 19— Hensuaw, An. 

 Lye. Nat, Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, 7.— Id., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler's 

 Exped., 1S74, 45.— Id, Rep. Orn. Specs., 1873, Wheeler's Exped., 1874, 04, 

 82, 121.— Allen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat, Hist,, June, 1874, 18, 29.— Coues' 

 Birds Northwest, 1874, ISO. 



The Redwinged, one of the most widely distributed and best known of 

 our Blackbirds, is very numerously represented in the Middle and Southern 

 Regions of the United States. In Utah especially, where the borders of the 

 lakes and the occasional marshy spots along the streams afford a suitable 

 home for them in summer, and where the grain fields, which the enterprise of 

 the settlers has planted everywhere where water can be had in sufficient 

 quantities to allow of their irrigation, serve as an abundant larder, which they 

 can draw upon at will, they are very numerous. In consequence of the raids 

 which this as well as the succeeding species are in the habit of making upon 

 the ripening corn and grain, they are most cordially detested by the farmers, 

 who attribute to them a great deal of damage done the crops, and a conse- 

 quent pecuniaiy loss to themselves. Occasionally, driven by exasperation, 

 the farmers inaugurate war against them ; but their numbers are so great 

 that, though a couple of dozen often fall at a single discharge of a gun, the 

 diminution in their ranks seems scarcely perceptible ; and though, alarmed, 

 they beat a hasty retreat, it is only to pay a visit to some neighboring field, 

 and a short time sees them back again with renewed spirit of devastation. 

 They are less abundant in Arizona and New Mexico, though I have gener- 

 ally found them in localities where the surroundings are favorable. Dr. 

 Coues mentions having found them in the pine woods, miles away from 

 water, save a tiny mountain stream ; a departure from their usual habits, as 

 they are pre-eminently birds of the marshes. 



