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efforts lo save thein. ll is nol uiuisual to fiiul from ten to u 

 dozen of these borers in a single tree. Vounjr trees have been 

 completely i^irdled and killed. It has been said that this borer 

 confines itself to the base of the tree, and occasionally in the 

 crotch. Last summer and autumn we not only found them in the 

 base and crotch, but many were at work in the trunk anywhere 

 between the crotch ami base, and in some instances we found 

 them well u|) in the tree in the larijer branches. The parent of 

 this borer is ([uite a handsome beetle, about an inch in length, 

 with two longitudinal white strij^es alternating with three light- 

 brown ones. Hut it is seldom seen in the day-time unless one 

 knows its hainits and unearths it and brings it to the light. 



The only natural enemies that I have observed trying to get 

 these borers are the Downy woodpecker and the great Golden- 

 winged wootlpecker, and neither of these birils, as far as 1 have 

 seen, have learned to work at the base of the tree where they are 

 most abundant, but in the crotch or in a branch they will work 

 until they get them, if frightened away they soon return. The 

 Golden-winged builds its nest in our t)rchards if he can find a 

 partly decayed tree, and becomes quite domesticated. 



The apple-worm or cotUing moth [Carpocafisa poiiioiicUa] is 

 one of the most destructive insects of the fruit It is almost 

 always present, but in the summer of 1891 for some reason there 

 were none here, and we had beautiful smooth apples which kept 

 until the following April, something heretofore almost unheard of 

 in our locality. Hut we had only one year's respite ; the past 

 season they were with us as usual. The parent of the apple-worm 

 is a small, brown moth, and it is double-brooded. The first brood 

 cause the young apples to fall, and this thinning out of the supera- 

 bundant fruit is an advantage rather than tletriment. It is the 

 second brood that works the immediate mischief, as now the 

 apples are so far advanced that they do not fall, while the creature 

 mines its way to the core, and many find their way out again and 

 fall to the ground, when they almost invariably start for the trunk 

 of the tree and conceal themselves beneath loose l)its of bark, 

 where they spin cocoons and remain in the larva; state until spring, 

 when they i)ass into the pupa; state and emerge as moths in early 

 June. 



A good many of these secreted worms are found and eaten by 

 the Downy woodpecker and the Brown creeper, which are almost 

 always in comixmy, especially in the late autumn. The little creeper 

 follows his larger companion closely, and often the woodpecker 



