True Finches. 



33 



seen from above being much more bell-shaped than that of the hen. 

 I believe that this character, and the generally greater length or 

 strength of wing in cock birds, will be found to hold good for the 

 whole of the true Finches, including the Grosbeaks and Buntings. 



The Blue Chaffinch (Fringilla teydea). 



The female differs from the male in being olive-brown instead of 

 blue, with olive margins to the wing-coverts and quills, excepting 



SEXUAL DIFFERENCES IN THE MALEIRAN CHAFFINCH. 



that the edge of the primaries is greyish-white and the greater 

 coverts are whitish at the ends; upper tail-coverts ashy, tail- 

 feathers dusky with ashy edges ; sides of face and under surface 

 pale ash-coloured, under tail-coverts whitish ; lores ashy whitish. 



The Madeira Chaffinch (Fringilla maderensis). 



Differs greatly in the sexes, the female above being dark ashy 

 olive, brighter greenish-yellow on the lower back and rump ; head 

 duller than the back ; the white belt across the median coverts 

 narrower ; sides of face and ear-coverts dull ashy brown ; throat 

 fulvous whitish ; breast and sides of body ashy brown ; abdomen 

 and under tail-coverts white, with dusky bases to the feathers. 



