52 How to Sex Cage Birds. 



red on the flanks (I believe this plumage has been regarded as a 

 winter plumage of the female, but in all the specimens which I 

 have kept there was no change of plumage in either sex throughout 

 the year). 



Few species of foreign Emberiza have been imported ; and 

 those which have come into the market have chiefly been intro- 

 duced singly from Japan ; the two following are perhaps better 

 known than any of the others : — 



Red-backed Bunting (Emberiza rutila). 



Differs in the female by the much browner and streaked upper 

 parts ; the lower back and rump chestnut, upper tail-coverts paler, 

 with dusky centres and ashy borders ; wing-coverts dark brown, 

 with ashy olive edges, changing to yellowish-white at the tips of 

 the feathers ; flights dark brown, with paler borders, tail-feathers 

 dark brown with olive borders, lores, feathers round eye and a faint 

 eyebrow streak yellowish ; ear-coverts pale ashy brown, margined 

 above with black ; cheeks and throat pale ochraceous ; remainder of 

 under parts pale sulphur-yellow, with a few dusky streaks on the 

 chest ; sides of body ashy olive, streaked with blackish. 



Rkd-headed Bunting (Emberiza luteola). 



The female is much duller than the male, with no bright orange 

 on the crown, and hardly any yellow in the plumage. Upper parts 

 light ashy brown streaked with blackish excepting on the lower 

 back and rump, the latter with a sub-terminal yellowish shade ; 

 lores and feathers round eye ashy whitish ; ear-coverts pale brown ; 

 cheeks and under parts sandy yellowish-grey, more yellow on under 

 tail-coverts. 



Weaving Finches (Phoniparince). 



Cuba Finch (Phonipara canora). 



The female has the black on the face and throat replaced by 

 chestnut; the crown dull ashy brown; under parts ashy brown, with 

 no black on the breast; sides of neck yellow, but not forming a 

 collar as in the male ; it is also smaller than that sex. 



Olive Finch (Phonipara lepida). 



The female is duller than the male ; above entirely olive-green 

 with dusky wing and tail feathers ; edges of primaries yellowish ; 

 eyebrow streak pale yellowish, as also the chin ; under parts light 

 ashy ; lower throat mottled with black ; centre of breast and 

 abdomen ashy whitish ; under tail-coverts yellowish-white with 

 dusky centres. 



ReedlingS (Panurida}). 



Until the natural position of this family has been finally settled, 

 it may as well stand here as anywhere ; it is certainly not related 

 to the Tits ; whereas Macgillivray, judging by an examination of its 



