Tits, Wagtails, Flycatchers, Swallows, Etc. 



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The Tawny-Pipit (Anthus campestris). 



The smaller size of the hen is the only recorded distinction in 

 this summer visitor. 



"Richard's Pipit (Anthus richardi). 



This autumn visitor to the British Islands also differs sexually 

 in the inferior size of the female ; no colour difference has been 

 indicated. 



The Rock-Pipit (Anthus obscurus). 



No difference of plumage has been described, but it is probable 

 that the female is slightly smaller than the male. 



The Orioles (Oriolidce). 



In these handsome birds the bills are very similar in the sexes, 

 and it needed a good deal of careful comparison to convince me that 

 in adult females they actually were slightly narrower and longer 

 than in adult males ; I fear the difference is too slight to be 

 valuable. Fortunately, there are well-marked colour differences in 

 the sexes, which should enable anyone to distinguish male from 

 female. 



The Golden Oriole (Oriolus galbula). 



The female is much duller than the adult male, altogether 

 greener, the black on the plumage replaced by dark brown ; the 

 throat, breast, and centre of belly whitish, the two former and the 

 flanks streaked with greyish. 



The Shrikes (Laniidce). 



Here again the sexual differences in the bills are very trifling. 

 In the female the bill is very slightly narrower at the base and 

 broader towards the tip than in the male. 



The Great Grey Shrike (Lanius excubitor). 



The female is rather duller in colour than the male, and has the - 

 neck and breast barred with greyish-brown. 



The Red-backed Shrike (Lanius collurio). 



The female is very unlike the male ; reddish-brown above, slightly 

 barred on the mantle ; below buffi sh white, barred with brown, 

 excepting in the centre ; no black on the head, but a pale buff 

 eyebrow-streak. 



The Woodchat Shrike (Lanius pomoranus) . 



The female is duller in plumage than the male, the black parts 

 suffused with reddish. 



