Parrot- Like Birds. 117 



Passerine or Blue-winged Parrotlet (Psittacula passerina). 



The female is slightly smaller than the male ; her beak is more 

 arched and blunter ; she shows no blue in her plumage, being 

 wholly green, the rump being bright emerald green. 



Of the species of the genus Brotogerys, Mr Seth-Smith says 

 (Parrakeets, p. 78) : "The sexes are outwardly alike, but the males 

 are, as a rule, slightly larger than the females." In addition to this 

 character, I find that there is always a difference in the outline of 

 the beaks. One character noticeable in the males of some of the 

 species is a slight angulation in the outline when viewed from above, 

 owing to the fact that the extremity of the cutting-edge of the upper 

 mandible projects outwards just in front of the terminal hook. 



All-green Parrakeet (Brotogerys tirica). 



The female is smaller than the male ; her beak is shorter and 

 much broader, more bell-shaped when viewed from above. 



Canary-winged Parrakeet (Brotogerys chiriri). 



The beak of the male is broader than that of the female, and 

 shows a slight lateral angle at the end of the cutting-edge of the 

 upper mandible when viewed from above. 



White-winged Parrakeet (Brotogerys virescens). 



This has been called "Yellow-winged," but the primaries are 

 mostly white, and the secondaries white tinged with yellow. The 

 beak of the male is more slender, and has a better- defined ridge 

 (culmen) ; the angle at the end of the cutting-edge of the upper 

 mandible is clearly visible from above. 



Orange-flanked Parrakeet (Brotogerys pyrrhopterus). 



I could find no sexed specimens in the Museum series, but the 

 smaller birds with shorter beaks are probably females. 



Tovi Parrakeet (Brotogerys jugularis). 



In the male the beak is broader, longer, and less arched than in 

 the female. 



Golden-fronted Parrakeet (Brotogerys tuipara). 



The beak of the male is shorter than that of the female, more 

 arched, and when viewed from above shows a projecting angle at 

 the end of the cutting-edge of the upper mandible. 



Golden-winged Parrakeet (Brotogerys chrysopterus). 



The beak of the male is broader at the base than in the female, 

 and shows a more defined dorsal ridge ; it is also shorter, and when 

 seen from above shows an indication of a lateral angle as in 

 B. tuipara. 



Tin Parrakeet (Brotogerys tui). 



The male has a broader and longer beak than the female. 



