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59,* Halcyon mediocris. 



Halcyon cinnamominus pt. Fi7isc/i, J. Mus. Godef. 187G XII, 20 (Ponape : subtus cinnamomina) ; id. 

 J. f. 0. 1880, 225 pt. (Pon.); id. Mitth. Orn. Ver. Wien 1884, 124 pt. — Halcyon cinnamomina Fimch^ Ibis 

 1881, 112, pt. — Halcyon mediocris Sharjie, Cat. H. 1892 XVII pt. (Ponape: snbtus cinnamomina) (type cxuinincd). 



J*onnpe: Caroline Is„ (K%d)ary, Finsch). 



60.* Halcyon cinnamomina. 



Halcyon cinnamominus Sws. Zool. Illustr. 1821 II, pi 67 (type exanuncd) (New Zealand!); Vig, et 

 Ilorsf. Tr. L. See. 1827 XV, 206; Lesson, Man. d'Orn. 1828; 91; Bulkr, Essay N. Zeal. Orn.; id. Tr. N. Zeal. 

 Inst I 206; Finsch, J. f. 0. 1867, 318; 1870, 247; 1872, 272; FoUs, Tr. N. Z. Inst." HI 69; Mnsch, J. Mus. 



Godcf. XII, 20 part.— „Alcedo ruficeps Cuv.^\ Dumonl, Diet. Sc. Nat. 1823 XXIX, 273 (Mariarmes); Pucheran. 



Eev. Zool. 1853, 387 (M.); Uartl. J. f. 0. 1855, 423. - Dacelo ruficeps Lesson, Tr. d'Orn. 1831, 247 (M.). 

 Halcyon cinnamomina (h-ay. Gen. B. I 79; id. Voy. Exebus and Terror, B. 1846, 3; id. B. Trop. Is. 1859, 5 

 (Mariannes-tantum); Sharpe , Mon. Alced. 1871, 213 pi. 80, pt. (M.); Ouslaht, Lc Nat. 1889, 260 (M.). — 

 Todiramphns cinnamominus Bp. Consp. 1850 I, 157 pt. ; Cass. Cat. Ilalc. rhil. Mas. 1852, 12 (M.) ; id. U. S. 



Exp. 1858; 220. 



Dacelo cinnamomina KiUl Reisc, II, 131; ScM. Mus. P. B. Alced. 1863, 39 (M.); id- 



■• • 



Yog. Ned. Ind. 28, 29; id. Revue Alced. 1874, 29 (M.). ~ Halcyon ruficeps (hcvi/, II. L. 1869 I, 93. 

 Sauropatis cinnamomina Cab. ct Heine ^ Mus. Hein. II 159, pt. ; Sahmd. Orn. Pap. 1880 I, 481 pt. 



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Guam (Quoy et Gaim., Kittl.), 



Dr. Sharpe's new II. rufigulatis — 

 come from one of tlic ialands of western Polynesia. 



locality unknown (Cat. B. 1892 XVII) 



may perhaps 



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There can, 



There has been much uncertainty with regard to the true habitat of IL cinnamomina Sws., 

 on account of the erroneous sta,tement that the type came from New Zealand (Swain son 1. c), aiid of the 

 numerous other wrong localities (New Guinea, New Caledonia etc.) whicli have been added. 

 however, be no doubt that the species belongs to the Marianne Islands, to which group its range is probably 

 confined. Here, on the island of Guam, it was obtained by Quoy and Gaimard (Dumont, Diet. Sc. Nat. 

 1823 XXIX, 273), and, later, on the same island byv. Kittlitz (Reise, 11, 131). Quite recently the Paris 

 Museum has received specimens from these islands from M. Marche (cf. Oustadet, Le Nat. 1889, 260). 



■ 



On the Pelew Islands occurs a totally ditl'erent species which has commonly been spolcen of as 

 IL cinnamomina or IL reichenbachii, but which becomes nameless on these names being restored to the 

 species to which they belong. 1 have, therefore, called it H. pelewensis. Oidy the crown of the head of 

 this species is cinnamon, the whole underside of body white. — In the Marianne Islands and on Ponape 

 specimens both with white and cinnamon undersides are found. Tlie typical IL cinnamomina Sws. has 

 the whole under surface uniform deep cinnamon red, and Kittlitz, who seems first to have noted the 

 presence of white-breasted specimens in the Manamies (i. e. Guam), remarks that such are the females of the 

 cinnamon ones (Reise, II, 132). This view is strongly maintained by Dr. Finsch (J. Mus. Godcf. XII, 20; 

 J. f. 0. 1880, 285; Ibis, 1881, 112), yet I am doubtful about its correctness, inasmuch as out of four white- 

 breasted specimens — the only ones that I have seen in which the sex was marked — two were males. 



It has also been suggested thai the cinnamon birds are the young of the white-breasted ones, and 

 this view is, I believe, held by Dr. R. B. Sharpe, who unites the two species in his recent Catalogue of 

 the Alccdinidae under tlie title IL mediocris. Tliat this opinion is not tenable must, I think, be inferred 

 from two young specimens in the Hamburg Museum; one of IL pelewensis, which species does not diiror 

 in plumage from the white-breasted form of Ponape, and the other a young one of the cinnamon form of 

 Ponap6. These specimens are entirely different, and resemble the parent forms. 



r 



H. pelewensis, juv. Crown of head dark cinnamon with many green featliers intermixed; collar, 

 below circlet of greenish black round head, white, sliglitly washed with ehmamon; all under parts from 

 chin downwards impure white with alight bars of brown on breast; wing-coverts tipped with 

 cinnamon; bill, 41 mm or 1.35 in, (in adult, 34 mm or 1.6 in.). 



H. mediocris, Juv. (cinnamon species of Ponape). Crown of head very dark cinnamon red 

 with dark centres to a few feathers; collar dark cinnamon; all under parts cinnamon, darkest 

 on breast and palest on throat; wing-coverts tipped with cinnamon; bill, 28 mm or 1.1 in. (in 

 adult, 39 mm or 1.55 in.). 



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