146 APPENDIX. 



fleshy ; the lower extremities were short and ill-proportioned ; the 

 thigh of a moderate size, but from the smallness of the muscles 

 of the leg in general, and gestatorii in particular, it looked 

 large ; the calf of the leg was very small. The diminutive size 

 of these muscles must be referred to the cause already mentioned — 

 the want of a due circulation in these parts, produced by a cramped 

 position and want of exercise. Having the feet broad and short 

 is common to all who do not M^ear shoes, the bones being somewhat 

 separated, the hgaments stretched, and the muscles flattened from 

 constantly sustaining the weight of the body unsupported by any 

 covering to the feet. The kidneys were healthy, but unusually 

 destitute of fat. There was no tunica adiposa ; the adeps, in this 

 instance, was chiefly collected on the surface, but little in the in- 

 ternal parts. If this is universally the case, it is a wonderful 

 provision of nature to protect their bodies from the inclemency ■ of 

 this inhospitable region. This is the method adopted by nature 

 during the first years of infancy, to habituate the constitution to 

 the vicissitudes and variations of the atmosphere, which otherwise 

 would be incompatible with existence. The arms were better pro- 

 portioned than the lower extremities ; and this is general throughout 

 the Fuegian tribes ; the muscles being firmer, and better formed, 

 from the more constant use of these parts, paddling in their 

 canoes, climbing, and making their wig^vams. The muscles in 

 general, throughout the body, were healthy, but soft and flabby, 

 unlike the firm sinewy muscle of hardy mountaineers : and the bones 

 less indented than is usual in those who have been accustomed 

 to vigorous exertion. 



In another Fuegian, whom I examined, the marks of the Phre- 

 nological organs, as taken from the skull, were as follows : — 



The Propensities. 



Amativeness— small. Destructiveiiess— full. 



Philoprogenitiveness — very large. Constructiveness — snial!. 



Coiicentrativeness— full. Acquisitiveness- full. 



Combativeness— very large. Secretiveness— large. 



The Sentiments. 

 Self-esteem— very large. Veneration— full. 



Love of approbation— full. Hope— small. 



Cautiousness-large. Ideality— small. 



Benevolence— small. Firmness— large. 



