272 APPENDIX. 



that by running off with a full sail the passage will be made in much 

 less time than by working in-shore, for you run quite through the 

 trade-wind, and fall in with the westerly winds which are always 

 found beyond the trades. But for the intermediate ports (except- 

 ing Coquimbo) the case is different, as they lie considerably within 

 the trade-wind, and must be worked for by that alone.* It may, 

 however, be recommended to work along shore as bfefore stated, to 

 about the island of San Gallan. Whence the coast trends more to 

 the eastward, so that a long leg and a short one may be made (with 

 the land just in sight) as far as Arica, or to any of the ports between 

 Pisco and that place. 



From Arica, the coast being nearly north and south, vessels 

 bound to the southward should make an offing of about fifteen or 

 twenty leagues (to ensure keeping the sea-breeze), and work up on 

 that meridian till in the parallel of the place to which they are bound. 

 On no account is it advisable to make a long stretch off; for as you 

 approach the limit of the trade-wind it gradually hauls to the east- 

 ward, and great difficulty will be found in even fetching the port 

 from which you started. 



The average passage in a well-conditioned merchant-vessel from 

 Guayaquil to Callao is from fifteen to twenty days ; and from Callao 

 to Valparaiso about three weeks ; fast-sailing schooners have made 

 these passages in much less time ; and there is an instance of two 

 men-of-war, in company, having gone from Callao to Valparaiso, 

 remained there two days, and re-anchored at Callao on the twenty- 

 first day. But these are rare occurrences, and only to be done under 

 most favourable circumstances, such as taking a " norther" soon 

 after leaving Callao. 



N.B. These remarks and notices, relating to Peru, are the work 

 of Mr. Usborne. Those referring to Northern Chile are by Lieut. 

 Sulivan. Mr. Stokes and I have added a few words, 



* A dull sailer might do better by running through the trade, making 

 easting with westerly winds, and then steering northward' along the coast, 

 than by attempting to work to windward against a trade-wirtfi, which 

 varies but a few points. 



