440 THE RACES OF MAN [chap. xl. 



which alone has any place in history. What may be called 

 the true Malay races, as distinguished from others who 

 have merely a Malay element in their language, present a 

 considerable uniformity of physical and mental charac- 

 teristics, while there are very great differences of civiliza- 

 tion and of language. They consist of four great, and a few 

 minor semi-civilized tribes, and a number of others who 

 may be termed savages. The Malays proper inhabit the 

 Malay peninsula, and almost all the coast regions of 

 Borneo and Sumatra. They all speak the Malay language, 

 or dialects of it ; they write in the Arabic character, and 

 are Mahometans in religion. The Javanese inhabit Java, 

 part of Sumatra, Madura, Bali, and part of Lombock. 

 They speak the Javanese and Kawi languages, which 

 they write in a native character. They are now Maho- 

 metans in Java, but Brahmins in Bali and Lombock. The 

 Bugis are the inhabitants of the greater parts of Celebes, 

 and there seems to be an allied people in Sumbawa. They 

 ^peak the Bugis and Macassar languages, with dialects, and 

 have two different native characters in which they write 

 these. They are all Mahometans. The fourth great race 

 is that of the Tagalas in the Philippine Islands, about 

 whom, as I did not visit those Islands, I shall say 

 little. Many of them are now Christians, and speak 

 Spanish as well as their native tongue, the Tagala. The 

 Moluccan-Malays, who inhabit chiefly Ternate, Tidore, 



